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Neuroanatomy- Term 2 > Week 7- Concussion > Flashcards

Week 7- Concussion Flashcards

1
Q

What can concussion effect

A

Cognitive
Physical
Emotional
Sleep

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2
Q

What happens to injured neurons

A

They leak chemicals affecting their function

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3
Q

What is the neocortex

A

Outer portion of cerebral hemispheres

6 layer outer cortex where higher order functions happen

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4
Q

Describe motor cortex structure

A

sparse granule cell layers and extensive pyramidalcell layers reflecting extensive output

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5
Q

Describe sensory cortex structure

A

large granule cell layers (granularcortex) for receiving extensive input

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6
Q

Name 3 functional areas

A

Motorareas- controls voluntary movement

Sensory areas- conscious awareness of sensation

Association- integrates/associates with motor and sensory cortex

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7
Q

Which sulcus is frontal lobe near

A

• Extends in front of the centralsulcus and above the lateralsulcus

Precentral gyrus

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8
Q

Name vertabral artery

A

Anterior and posterior spinal branches

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9
Q

name 3 types of functional areas

A

motor, sensory and association

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10
Q

what is a motor area

A

controls voluntarymovement

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11
Q

what is a sensory area

A

consciousawareness of sensation

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12
Q

what is a association area

A

integrates or associates with motor and sensory cortex

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13
Q

list primary motor area of frontal lobe

A

Premotor area* Motor speech area of Broca* Frontal eye field* Prefrontal area

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14
Q

what is the Contralateral motor control in regards to the primary motor area

A

areas on the left side of the body that dont work are affected due to the right side of the brain

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15
Q

what is the inverted motor homunculus diagram in regards to the primary motor area

A

a diagram displaying what primary motor area affects i.e. face

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16
Q

where is the primary motor area loctaed. give its clinical correlation

A

on the precentral gyrus

lesions in onehemisphere- spastic paralysis of theopposite half of the body

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17
Q

function of preomotor area and its clinical correlation

A

Programmes the activity ofprimary motor area

difficultyin performing skilledmovements

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17
Q

where is premotor area located

A

anteriro to primary motor area

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17
Q

motor speech area of broca location

A

Present in the dominanthemisphere

18
Q

frontal eye field location

A

superior to motor speech of broca and anterior to preomotor area

Connected to visual cortex byassociation fibres (involuntary)

18
Q

motor speech of broca clinical corelation

A

expressive/motor aphasia

inability to speak or write

18
Q

frontal eye field function and clinical correlation

A

Conjugate eye movements to oppositeside (voluntary)

Clinical correlate: inability to moveeyes to the opposite side

19
Q

prefrontal (most anterior) area function and clinical correlation

A

Personality, behavior, judgement

  • Clinical correlate: Changes inpersonality and inappropriatesocial behavior
20
Q

parietal lobe location

A

Postcentral gyrus*
Primary sensory area*
Sensory speech area of Wernicke

21
Q

primary sensory area function and clinical correlation

A

Concerned with contralateralsensations* Clinical correlate: contralateralloss of sensation

22
Q

Sensory speech area of Wernicke function and clinical correlation

A

Receives input from somatic, auditory,visual areas
* Projected to Broca’s area
* Clinical correlate:
* Receptive sensory aphasia – inability tounderstand spoken & written word
* If both motor + sensory speech area isaffected= global aphasia

23
Q

name functional areas in temporal lobe

A

Temporal gyrus (of Heschl) inferior tolateral sulcus*

24
Q

name Temporal gyrus (of Heschl) Clinical correlation

A

deafness

25
Q

list occipital lobe functional areas

A

Primary visual cortex
* Visual association areas

Taste area (Area 43)-Inferior part of parietal lobe

Vestibular area-Near postcentral gyrus, area concerned with sensation of face

  • Olfactory area (Area 28)* uncus
26
Q

name blood supply of brain

A

Internal carotid artery

vertebral artery

27
Q

describe blood supply base of brain

A

Paired internal carotid and vertebralarteries

CIRCLE OF WILLIS
* Anteriorly, anterior communicating andanterior cerebral arteries
* Posteriorly, basilar artery dividing intotwo posterior cerebral arteries
* Laterally, by posterior communicatingartery connecting ICA with PCA

28
Q

what is clinical aspect of blood supply to base of the brain

A

Berry aneurysm, ischemia

29
Q

Describe blood supply of cerebrum

A

Three pairs of cerebral arteries

  • Anterior cerebral artery, branchof internal carotid artery
  • Middle cerebral artery, branch ofinternal carotid artery
  • Posterior cerebral artery, branchof basilar artery
30
Q

name arterial supply of superolateral surface

A

Two-thirds by middle cerebral artery

31
Q

name arterial supply of medial surface

A

Anterior two-thirds by anteriorcerebral artery

32
Q

name arterial supply of inferior surface

A

Most of the inferior surface byposterior cerebral artery (excepttemporal pole)

33
Q

describe venous drainage of brain

A

Superficial cerebral veins
* Deep cerebral veins
* They all finally drain into the dural venous sinuses

34
Q

describe intracranial hemmorrhage

A

Subdural- tearing of superior cerebral veins*

Subarachnoid – rupture of congenital berry aneurysms*

Intracerebral – rupture of lenticulostriate artery (Charcot’s) of MCA

35
Q

list types of intracranial hemorrhage

A

subdural
subarachnoid
intracerebral

36
Q

name branches of vrteral artery

A

anterior and posterior spinal branches

37
Q

describe blood supply of dpinal cord

A

Main blood supply from the ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY andPOSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY

  • Both branches of the vertebral artery system
  • Blood flow is supplemented throughout the spinal cord by radiculararteries deriving from the aorta
  • These create major anastomoses with the anterior and posteriorspinal arteries to supplement blood flow
38
Q

Name parts of brain stem from superior to inferior

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

39
Q

Which segment of the brain stem has the pyramids

A

Medulla

40
Q

Which segment of the brain has superior and inferior coliculi

A

Midbrain

41
Q

name order of superiority in brain stem

A

TOP

midbrain (Mamillary body)

Pons (middles cerebellar peduncle)

Medulla (olive, pyramid, decusattion of pyramids)

BOTTOM

42
Q

What is superior and inferior to the brain stem

A

S= Thalmsu
I= Spinal cord

Neuroanatomy- Term 2 (11 decks)

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