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Neuroanatomy- Term 2 > Week 4- Motor Pathways > Flashcards

Week 4- Motor Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pyramidal tract

A

Corticospinal tract
(Lateral and anterior)

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2
Q

Where is the extrapyramidal tract

A

Rubrospinal
Reticulodspinal
Vestibulospinal
Tectospinal
Olivospinal;

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3
Q

Describe cotriocospinal tracts

A

Modality- voluntary, discrete, skilled movements

Lateral: distal limb musculature-fine movements
Anterior: axial musculature- gross movements

Fibres originate from primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, pro motor cortex

Pyramidal cells of cortex

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4
Q

Rubrospinal tract (cortico-Rubrospinal) function

A

Facilitates flexor and inhibits extensor muscles

Axons descend from cortex (cortico rural fibres)
Red nucleus of midbrain

crosses- csuperior colliculus of midbrain, descends controlaterally

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5
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract

A

1=Dorsal root ganglion

2= substantia gelatinosa. corss over in anterior grey and white matter

3=Ventroposterior lateral nucleus of thalamus

modality= pain + temp
receptors= free nerve endings, nociceptors

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6
Q

What is the relay centre

A

Thalamus

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7
Q

list all descending tracts

A

Pyramidal tract
Corticospinal tract (Lateral & Anterior)

Extrapyramidal tracts
Rubrospinal
Reticulospinal
Vestibulospinal
Tectospinal
Olivospinal

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8
Q

whwre do lateral corticospinal tract extend

A

extends throughout the length of the spinalcord

  • Terminate directly or indirectly(through interneurons) on anterior horncells
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9
Q

where is recticular formation

A

brain stem

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10
Q

recticulopsinal tract

A

mostly uncrossed.
terminate in LMN
lower motor neuron

function= locomotion and postural control

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11
Q

function and arising of tectospinal tract

A

Reflex postural movementsin response to visual stimuli

Arises from superior colliculus of midbrain

  • Crosses - dorsal tegmental decussation in superior colliculus of MIDBRAIN
  • End in anterior grey column (LMN)
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12
Q

vestibulospinal tract origin, corss and termination and function

A

Originates from vestibular nuclei in medulla

  • 2 tracts- medial and lateral VST
  • Medial-H&N ext
  • Lateral: axial and appendicular ext*

Uncrossed

  • Terminate in lamina (LMN)* (Brake system is rubrospinal)

facilitates extensor muscles(antigravity), to maintain posture and balance, inhibits flexors

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13
Q

olivospinal tract function, origin, cross, terminate

A

Reflex movements arisingfrom proprioceptors

Arise from inferior olivary nucleus in medulla

Crosses over and descends in lateral white column

Terminates at anterior horn cells

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14
Q

Posterior column / Medial lemniscal pathway, modality and receptors

A

receptor on dorsal root ganglion

nucelus gracilis + cuneatus in the medulla oblongata

thalamus

modality= conscious propriception, vibratory sense, fine touch, discrimiative touch

receptors- pacinian corpsucles , muscle spindle, golgi tendon organ

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15
Q

describe slow pain

A

Slow pain
* C fibres
* Unmyelinated
* Poorly localized
* Slow conducting
* Substance P

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16
Q

describe fast pain

A

A fibres𝛿
* Myelinated
* Localized
* Fast conducting
* Glutamate

17
Q

describe posterolateral tract of lissauer

A

1st order neuron enters posteriorhorn

  • Divides into ascending anddescending branche
  • Travel for 1- 2 segments
  • Terminate by synapsing with 2ndorder neurons in substantiagelatinosa
18
Q

Anterior spinothalamic tract modality, receptors and order neurons.

A

light tuch and pressure

receptors- free nerve endings

1= dorsal root ganglion

2= substantia gelatinosa

3= ventroposterior lateral nucleus of thalamus

19
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract modality + function, receptors and neurons

A

*Modality: Unconscious proprioception (muscle joint sense)

*Function: Fine coordination of posture and movements of trunk and lower limb

receptors - muscle spindle, golgi tendon

1= dorsal root ganglia

2=Uncrossed
lateral funiculus
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
inferior cerebllar peduncle

3= cerebellum

20
Q

anterior spinocerebellar tract modality + function, receptors and neurons

A

unconscious proprioception (muscle, joint)

gross coordination of posture and movements of turnk and lower limbs

receptors- muscle spindle, golgi tenbdon organs

1= dorsal root ganglian

2= crossed. controlateral lateral funiculius
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
superior cerebellar peduncle

3= cerebellum

21
Q

cuneocerebellar tract function and 1/2/3 order neuron and function

A

unconsious propriception for upper limb and upper trunk

1= dorsal root ganglion

2= cuneate nucleus in medulla
posterior external arcuate fibres
UNCROSSED
inferrior cerebllar peduncle

3= cerebellum

22
Q

Spinoreticular tracts function and 1/2/3 motor neuron

A

arousal and emotional aspects of somatosensory stimuli

*1 – dorsal root ganglion
2nd order neuron –
Posterior grey column -
Laminae V- VII
Accompanies the spinothalamic pathways
* Fibres ascend in lateral funiculus
* Uncrossed

*3rd order neuron – Reticular nuclei present in the brainstem—further projected to cortex for arousal, hypothalamus and thalamus for emotional behavior

23
Q

Spinotectal tract function and 1/2/3 motor neuron

A

*Function – provides afferent information for the spinovisual reflexes and bring aboutthe movement of head and eyes towards source of stimulation
*1st order neuron – dorsal root ganglion
2nd order neuron – (unknown)posterior grey columnSecond order neurons cross and ascend in the anterolateral funiculus
* - Medulla oblongata, pons

*3rd order neuron - Superior colliculus of midbrain

24
Q

syringomyelia

A

caviation in gray commisure

destruction of corssing spinothalamic fibres in white commisure

sensory loss

25
Q

hemi-section of cord causes

A

trauma, tumours

26
Q

contralateral meaning

A

oppsoite side

27
Q

Name the only ispilateral ascending tract (only one side of the spinal cord, staying on this side without crossing over)

A

Dorsal column pathway

28
Q

Describe the pathway from the receptor to Cortex of lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Nociceptors
1=Dorsal root ganglion
2=Substantia gelatinosia
CROSS OVER
3=Thalamus, ventroposterior lateral nuclei
Sensory cortex

29
Q

which ascending tracts go to the cerebellum

A

spinocerebellar tracts
cuneocerbellar tract

30
Q

which ascending tracts go to the brainstem

A

spinorecticular
spinotectal
spino-olivary

31
Q

list neurons of aescending tracts

A

1= dorsal root ganglion
2= terminates in thalamus
3= cerebral cortex

32
Q

which ascending tracts go to the cerebrum

A

posterior column
spinothalamic tracts

33
Q

name the 2 pathways of posterior column

A

fascilus gracilis- lower liombs and lower trunk

fascilis cunateus - upper limbs + upper trunk

34
Q

Where will an i psi lateral pathway NOT crossover

A

Spinal cord

35
Q

What is the difference between posterior and anterior spinocerebaler tract functiom

A

P= FINE coordination of posture and movement of trunk + LOWER limbs

A= GROSS coordination of posture and movement of trunk + LOWER limbs

36
Q

Name 2nd order for a/L spinothalamic

A

Substantia gelitanosea

37
Q

What is the cuneocerebellar tract equivalent to

A

Posterior spinocerebellar

Same pathway

38
Q

Give the % of anterior and lateral Corticospinal tract make up

A

a= 25%
L= 75%

Neuroanatomy- Term 2 (11 decks)

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