week 7: communication Flashcards
1
Q
loneliness, social support, and depression study
A
- loneliness and social support are independent risk factors for depression
- questionnaire about prevalence of depression
- social support decreases prevalence
2
Q
social skills, stress, and depression study
A
- stress increase -> depression increase
- high social skills -> doesn’t trigger depression as much
3
Q
3 types of conversations
A
- what happened
what was done - feelings
impact it had on me - identity
what their actions say about me
4
Q
circuits of brain involved in communication
A
- anterior cingulate
attention, gratitude - nucleus accumbens
rewards, impulse, gratification
ec: positive social reward: getting compliments - ventral striatum and insula
engrained habits and insulating feelings/emotions
ex: listening to others to prevent saying something stupid
5
Q
what fMRI study shows the brain networks involved in avoiding criticism?
A
- activates nucleus accumbens
feels rewarding when person shows that they care more about the other person than being right or wrong
6
Q
what is moral elevation? what study showed this?
A
- seeing good people do things makes us want to do the same
- given option to donate or keep money to themselves in presence of others vs without
- activates sympathetic and parasympathetic
increased heart rate bc excitement (sns)
increased heart rate variability bc calming (pns) - more nucleus accumbens -?those who donate w/ presence of others
7
Q
what did the monkey see monkey do study find?
A
- recorded motor neurons from monkey while watching human eat gelato
- activated mirror neurons
responds during actions and perception of actions
encodes intention - disruption mirror neuron system (using magnetic pulses) disrupts ability to imitate
8
Q
3 ways of relating to others
A
- empathy
feeling another person’s suffering - sympathy
understanding another person’s suffering - compassion
taking actions to relieve another person’s suffering
9
Q
mind readings
A
- assuming people’s desires and intentions based on behaviors
- experience our assumptions as reality (big mistake)
10
Q
theory of mind
A
- ability to attribute mental states (beliefs, intent, desires, knowledge, pretending) to oneself and others
11
Q
what does the fMRI study on theory of mind cartoons show?
A
- contrast cartoons that do or do not require ToM
- shows irony: understanding others perspectives (making inferences and assumptions)
12
Q
what parts of the brain are involved in theory of mind?
A
- dorsomedial PFC
rationale to understanding oneself - temporo-parietal junction
sense of self, auditory senses (memory/attention), senses (social behavior)
13
Q
how vs why fMRI study
A
- MNS encodes HOW
- premotor cortex
planning and executing movements
- premotor cortex
- VLPFC (more concrete)
- inner feelings interpreting outside world
attention to what others are doing
- inner feelings interpreting outside world
- ToM encodes WHY
- dmPFC
understanding rationale of oneself and others - orbitofrontal cortex
rewards, learning, emotions, decision-making - TPJ
- memory to language, attention, and social behavior
- VLPFC (more abstract)
- attention to why others are doing stuff
- dmPFC
14
Q
what did the empathy vs fairness game study show? what brain parts are associated with empathy? what about revenge?
A
- cop and bad guy game
- empathy for others being shocked
- decreased empathy for unfair people
decreased insula and anterior cingulate activity - desire for revenge
increased nucleus accumbens
15
Q
social emotions
A
triumph, fear, amusement, disgust
- engages mirror system
prevalent more in positive than negative
