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APN > week 6: social > Flashcards

week 6: social Flashcards

1
Q

pros of self-compassion?

A
  • better body image and appreciation
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2
Q

low serotonin?

A

depression
- altered limbic system development and activity
- smaller amygdala: less reactive

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3
Q

early experiences significance?

A
  • shapes neural development
  • gene expression
  • habits
    epigenetics: modification of gene expression rather than genetic code
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4
Q

cognitive reappraisal

A
  • changing how one thinks about a given situation
  • regulating emotions
  • focus on what you can control
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5
Q

tripartite influence

A
  • peers, parents, media
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6
Q

2 meditational mechanisms that cause bodily dissatisfaction?

A
  • internalization of thin ideal
  • appearance comparison
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7
Q

biggest impact of comparing amongst the genders

A
  • men: compare to athletes
  • women: compare to best friend
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8
Q

what happens to brain when models are shown to women?

A
  • activates anterior cingulate (attention, noticing mistakes)
    • i should look like that. i’m different.
  • activates amygdala
    anxiety/fear/incompetence
  • activates dorsal striatum
    engrained habits: self-criticism or shaming oneself
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9
Q

weight and predicted salary study?

A
  • thinner women correlates more money
  • heavier men correlates more money
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10
Q

body images across cultures

A

less socioeconomically developed: value heavier (means more wealth)

western: thinner perceived ideal

older people: heavier perceived ideal

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11
Q

interoceptive awareness

A
  • sensing signals internal to the body
    thirst, hunger, pain, physical sensations
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12
Q

what happens when interoceptive awareness is disrupted?

A
  • eating disorders
    difficulty counting heartbeats
    unaware of their emotions/stress
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13
Q

body dysmorphic disorder (brain regions)?

A

dorsal striatum: habits
excessive exercise

anterior cingulate
hyper fixated on specific body part

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14
Q

pride and shame study

A
  • self-referential emotions

both pride and shame
- insula (pain), DMPFC (feeling good or bad about results), nuc. accum (impulses). increases

pride
- amygdala increases
more to lose

shame
- amygdala decreases

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15
Q

social animals

A
  • relationships = success
    reduce stress (nuc. accum. impulse and habits)limbic system: relationships are rewarding
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16
Q

orphanage vs non-institutionalized children study

A

orphanage kids
- 15% less gray matter (cell bodies)
- larger amygdala size (more reactive and anxious)

17
Q

what happens to 3 year old children who are neglected?

A
  • smaller brain and more amygdala activity
18
Q

cyberball and pain of rejection study

A
  • fMRI while playing game of catch virtually
  • stop passing it to you
  • feelings of social rejection
  • dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and insula (pain and mistakes: feeling bad)
19
Q

dorsal anterior cingulate

A

involved in physical pain and social rejection

20
Q

lick your kids?

A
  • explore more
  • show less fear, less stress hormones
21
Q

nature or nurture mice study

A
  • some are genetically predisposed and some are influenced by parenting styles
  • comparing exploratory mice to parents that were anxious or exploratory
22
Q

oxytocin

A
  • love hormone
  • increased attachment: trust
  • decrease stress
    less pain
  • hypothalamus regulates

ex: breastfeeding, hugs, caressing, sex, someone trusting you, talking

23
Q

oxytocin and brain

A
  • oxytocin neurons from hypothalamus project to ventral tegmental area (where dopamine is produced)
  • modulates reward
24
Q

oxytocin and amygdala

A
  • reduces amygdala reactivity
25
Q

oxytocin and hippocampus

A
  • growth of new neurons in hippocampus
  • reverses effects of stress
26
Q

types of attachment

A
  • secure
  • anxious-resistant
    didn’t explore as much,
    distraught, resists mom
    when back, mom is
    overreactive
  • anxious-avoidant
    doesn’t react to mom
    when back, didn’t explore
    as much, mom is under-
    reactive
  • disorganized
    inconsistent parenting,
    most toxic and detrimental
27
Q

adult attachment styles

A
  • secure
  • anxious-preoccupied
    uncomfy being without
    close relationships,
    constantly seeking
    reassurance
  • fearful-avoidant
    difficulty trusting others,
    but wants to
  • dismissive-avoidant
    doesn’t want to rely on
    people
28
Q

why does oxytocin not solve everything?

A
  • men with positive maternal relationships
    OT increases positive feelings
  • men with negative maternal relationships
    OT increases negative feelings
29
Q

sad babies and oxytocin study

A
  • own baby crying
    OT increased insula
    OT decreased amygdala (reduce stress since you can take action to nurture)
  • physical force when baby cries
    mothers raised gently: OT increase -> less physical force
    mothers raised harsh: OT increase -> more physical force
30
Q

oxytocin and genetics

A
  • depression
    particular oxytocin gene
    correlates separately for anxious or dismissive attachment
  • oxytocin receptor gene
    contributes to anxiety and depression
    interact with family and environment (epigenetics)
31
Q

dysregulated oxytocin?

A
  • lower levels likely to be suicidal
  • child abuse survivors
  • increase drug use/addiction
32
Q

addiction and isolation

A

rat isolated showed increase cocaine motivation

33
Q

oxytocin and addiction study

A
  • repetitive cocaine -> decrease hypothalamic OT production
  • OT reduces methamphetamine effects (stimulant)
  • given meth -> increase nucleus accumbens
  • given meth/oxytocin -> less nucleus accumbens (trust)

OT injection -> OT stimulates hypothalamus
positive brain changes -> positive life changes

34
Q

how to activate OT

A

talk to friends
make new friends
hug someone
get a massage
get a dog
practice gratitude

35
Q

relationship drives

A
  • attraction (dopamine)
  • attachment (OT/vassopressin)
  • lust (testes and ovaries)
36
Q

love in the brain

A
  • anterior cingulate (more attention to partner)
  • caudate nucleus (rewarding/habits: nuc. acum. and d.s)
  • ventral tegmental area (dopamine producer)
  • thalamus (senses)
  • anterior insula (insulate phsyical feeling of butterflies due to love)

temporo-parietal region (angular gyrus: process sense of self in relation to others and feeling connected)

37
Q

love vs lust

A

lust: increase nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, and amygdala
- more impulse, rewarding, anxious yet fun

38
Q

prairie vs montane voles

A

prairie: monogamous
many OT/vasopressin receptors (trust, comfort, connected)

montane: promiscuous
less OT receptors/vasopressin receptors
(less attachment -> cheating)

  • women with certain gene for vasopressin -> cheating
  • men with gene for lower dopamine receptor sensitivity -> cheating
39
Q
A

APN (2 decks)

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