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Biology > week 7: circulation - blood, heart > Flashcards

week 7: circulation - blood, heart Flashcards

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1
Q

what are three function of the circulatory system

A

transport, regulation, protection

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2
Q

what are 4 structures that are part of the circulatory system

A

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

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3
Q

what is blood composed of

A

plasma and cells

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4
Q

what cells are in blood?

A

erythrocytes (red)
leukocytes (white)
platelets

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5
Q

what substances are transported in blood

A

nutrients, waste products, respiratory gasses, hormones

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6
Q

what do red blood cells transport

A

oxygen

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7
Q

what do white blood cells, leukocytes, do?

A

function in defence.

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8
Q

what are platelets

A

fragments of cells that are involved in clotting

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9
Q

what is an erythrocyte?

A

red blood cell

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10
Q

how many molecules of oxygen does each molecule of hemoglobin contain

A

4

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11
Q

________ is a complex protein made up of four protein strands. iron is used to form heme groups.

A

hemoglobin

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12
Q

what is hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells

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13
Q

what are the three phases in the developmental pathway of red blood cell production

A

phase 1) ribosome synthesis
phase 2) hemoglobin accumulation
phase 3) ejection of nucleus

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14
Q

what is the lifespan of red blood cells

A

4 months

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15
Q

what is erythropoietin and what does it do

A

erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in red bone marrow.

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16
Q

what hormone is produced in the kidneys and stimulates production of red blood cells in red bone marrow

A

erythropoietin.

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17
Q

what are the 5 main types of leukocytes

A

– monocytes,
– neutrophils,
– basophils,
– eosinophils,
– Lymphocytes

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18
Q

what are the 4 possible blood groups

A

A, B, AB, O

19
Q

what is Landsteiner’s rule

A

individuals will form immune antibodies to ABO blood group antigens they do not possess.

20
Q

what are the two types in the Rh blood group
what does this determine

A

Rh positive have the antigens present on the red blood cell surface

Rh negative do not

determines whether the blood type is positive or negative.

21
Q

what blood type is a universal donor

A

type o

22
Q

what blood type is universal recipient and can receive any blood type?

A

type AB

23
Q

what does hemostasis mean

A

prevention of blood loss

24
Q

what are the 4 steps in hemostasis?

A
  1. vessel injury
  2. vascular spasm
  3. platelet plug formation
  4. coagulation
25
Q

what are platelets derived from?

A

megakaryocytes.

26
Q

what is the lifespan of platelets

A

about 10 days .

27
Q

during blood clotting what is converted into what?

A

prothrombin is converted into thrombin

fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.

28
Q

what is the implication of thromboembolic disorder

A

undesirable clot formation (thrombus)

29
Q

what might prevent the formation of normal blood clots

A

bleeding disorder

30
Q

what is a thrombus

A

a blood clot that persists in an unbroken blood vessel

may cause an obstruction leading to tissue death

31
Q

what is an embolus

A

a thrombus (blood clot) that is freely flowing in the circulatory system

32
Q

what can prevent thromboembolic disorders

A

anti coagulants

aspirin, heparin, warfarin

33
Q

what type of disorder is thrombocytopenia

A

thrombocytopenia is a BLEEDING DISORDER

34
Q

what are some implications of thrombocytopenia

A

too few platelets

causes spontaneous bleeding

35
Q

how is thrombocytopenia treated

A

treated with a transfusion of concentrated platelets.

36
Q

what is one symptom of hemophilia

A

prolonged bleeding

37
Q

what is the role of the right side of the heart. (right atrium and right ventricle)

A

Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from body; delivers blood to right ventricle, which pumps blood to lungs

38
Q

what is the role of the left side of the heart (left atrium and left ventricle)

A

Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from
lungs; delivers blood to left ventricle, which
pumps blood to rest of the body

39
Q

what are the two types of valves in the heart

A
  1. Atrioventricular
  2. Semilunar
40
Q

what are the two different atrioventricular valves called? and what side are they on?

A

bicuspid (left side)
tricuspid (right side)

41
Q

what are the two different semilunar valves called and what side are they on?

A

aortic (left side)
pulmonary (right side)

42
Q

what components are part of the blood vessels (artery and vein)

A

tunica externa
tunica media
tunica intima
lumen

43
Q

what components make up the structure of the capillary

A

endothelial cells and lumen.

44
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

LDL cholesterol forms plaques in arteries triggering inflammation.

Biology (10 decks)

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