week 7: circulation - blood, heart

Question 1

what are three function of the circulatory system

Answer 1

transport, regulation, protection

Question 2

what are 4 structures that are part of the circulatory system

Answer 2

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 3

what is blood composed of

Answer 3

plasma and cells

Question 4

what cells are in blood?

Answer 4

erythrocytes (red)
leukocytes (white)
platelets

Question 5

what substances are transported in blood

Answer 5

nutrients, waste products, respiratory gasses, hormones

Question 6

what do red blood cells transport

Answer 6

oxygen

Question 7

what do white blood cells, leukocytes, do?

Answer 7

function in defence.

Question 8

what are platelets

Answer 8

fragments of cells that are involved in clotting

Question 9

what is an erythrocyte?

Answer 9

red blood cell

Question 10

how many molecules of oxygen does each molecule of hemoglobin contain

Answer 10

4

Question 11

________ is a complex protein made up of four protein strands. iron is used to form heme groups.

Answer 11

hemoglobin

Question 12

what is hematopoiesis

Answer 12

formation of blood cells

Question 13

what are the three phases in the developmental pathway of red blood cell production

Answer 13

phase 1) ribosome synthesis
phase 2) hemoglobin accumulation
phase 3) ejection of nucleus

Question 14

what is the lifespan of red blood cells

Answer 14

4 months

Question 15

what is erythropoietin and what does it do

Answer 15

erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in red bone marrow.

Question 16

what hormone is produced in the kidneys and stimulates production of red blood cells in red bone marrow

Answer 16

erythropoietin.

Question 17

what are the 5 main types of leukocytes

Answer 17

– monocytes,
– neutrophils,
– basophils,
– eosinophils,
– Lymphocytes

Question 18

what are the 4 possible blood groups

Answer 18

A, B, AB, O

Question 19

what is Landsteiner’s rule

Answer 19

individuals will form immune antibodies to ABO blood group antigens they do not possess.

Question 20

what are the two types in the Rh blood group
what does this determine

Answer 20

Rh positive have the antigens present on the red blood cell surface

Rh negative do not

determines whether the blood type is positive or negative.

Question 21

what blood type is a universal donor

Answer 21

type o

Question 22

what blood type is universal recipient and can receive any blood type?

Answer 22

type AB

Question 23

what does hemostasis mean

Answer 23

prevention of blood loss

Question 24

what are the 4 steps in hemostasis?

Answer 24

1. vessel injury
2. vascular spasm
3. platelet plug formation
4. coagulation

Question 25

what are platelets derived from?

Answer 25

megakaryocytes.

Question 26

what is the lifespan of platelets

Answer 26

about 10 days .

Question 27

during blood clotting what is converted into what?

Answer 27

prothrombin is converted into thrombin fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.

Question 28

what is the implication of thromboembolic disorder

Answer 28

undesirable clot formation (thrombus)

Question 29

what might prevent the formation of normal blood clots

Answer 29

bleeding disorder

Question 30

what is a thrombus

Answer 30

a blood clot that persists in an unbroken blood vessel may cause an obstruction leading to tissue death

Question 31

what is an embolus

Answer 31

a thrombus (blood clot) that is freely flowing in the circulatory system

Question 32

what can prevent thromboembolic disorders

Answer 32

anti coagulants aspirin, heparin, warfarin

Question 33

what type of disorder is thrombocytopenia

Answer 33

thrombocytopenia is a BLEEDING DISORDER

Question 34

what are some implications of thrombocytopenia

Answer 34

too few platelets causes spontaneous bleeding

Question 35

how is thrombocytopenia treated

Answer 35

treated with a transfusion of concentrated platelets.

Question 36

what is one symptom of hemophilia

Answer 36

prolonged bleeding

Question 37

what is the role of the right side of the heart. (right atrium and right ventricle)

Answer 37

Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from body; delivers blood to right ventricle, which pumps blood to lungs

Question 38

what is the role of the left side of the heart (left atrium and left ventricle)

Answer 38

Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from lungs; delivers blood to left ventricle, which pumps blood to rest of the body

Question 39

what are the two types of valves in the heart

Answer 39

1. Atrioventricular 2. Semilunar

Question 40

what are the two different atrioventricular valves called? and what side are they on?

Answer 40

bicuspid (left side) tricuspid (right side)

Question 41

what are the two different semilunar valves called and what side are they on?

Answer 41

aortic (left side) pulmonary (right side)

Question 42

what components are part of the blood vessels (artery and vein)

Answer 42

tunica externa tunica media tunica intima lumen

Question 43

what components make up the structure of the capillary

Answer 43

endothelial cells and lumen.

Question 44

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 44

LDL cholesterol forms plaques in arteries triggering inflammation.