week 7: circulation - blood, heart Flashcards
what are three function of the circulatory system
transport, regulation, protection
what are 4 structures that are part of the circulatory system
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
what is blood composed of
plasma and cells
what cells are in blood?
erythrocytes (red)
leukocytes (white)
platelets
what substances are transported in blood
nutrients, waste products, respiratory gasses, hormones
what do red blood cells transport
oxygen
what do white blood cells, leukocytes, do?
function in defence.
what are platelets
fragments of cells that are involved in clotting
what is an erythrocyte?
red blood cell
how many molecules of oxygen does each molecule of hemoglobin contain
4
________ is a complex protein made up of four protein strands. iron is used to form heme groups.
hemoglobin
what is hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
what are the three phases in the developmental pathway of red blood cell production
phase 1) ribosome synthesis
phase 2) hemoglobin accumulation
phase 3) ejection of nucleus
what is the lifespan of red blood cells
4 months
what is erythropoietin and what does it do
erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in red bone marrow.
what hormone is produced in the kidneys and stimulates production of red blood cells in red bone marrow
erythropoietin.
what are the 5 main types of leukocytes
– monocytes,
– neutrophils,
– basophils,
– eosinophils,
– Lymphocytes
what are the 4 possible blood groups
A, B, AB, O
what is Landsteiner’s rule
individuals will form immune antibodies to ABO blood group antigens they do not possess.
what are the two types in the Rh blood group
what does this determine
Rh positive have the antigens present on the red blood cell surface
Rh negative do not
determines whether the blood type is positive or negative.
what blood type is a universal donor
type o
what blood type is universal recipient and can receive any blood type?
type AB
what does hemostasis mean
prevention of blood loss
what are the 4 steps in hemostasis?
- vessel injury
- vascular spasm
- platelet plug formation
- coagulation
what are platelets derived from?
megakaryocytes.
what is the lifespan of platelets
about 10 days .
during blood clotting what is converted into what?
prothrombin is converted into thrombin
fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.
what is the implication of thromboembolic disorder
undesirable clot formation (thrombus)
what might prevent the formation of normal blood clots
bleeding disorder
what is a thrombus
a blood clot that persists in an unbroken blood vessel
may cause an obstruction leading to tissue death
what is an embolus
a thrombus (blood clot) that is freely flowing in the circulatory system
what can prevent thromboembolic disorders
anti coagulants
aspirin, heparin, warfarin
what type of disorder is thrombocytopenia
thrombocytopenia is a BLEEDING DISORDER
what are some implications of thrombocytopenia
too few platelets
causes spontaneous bleeding
how is thrombocytopenia treated
treated with a transfusion of concentrated platelets.
what is one symptom of hemophilia
prolonged bleeding
what is the role of the right side of the heart. (right atrium and right ventricle)
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from body; delivers blood to right ventricle, which pumps blood to lungs
what is the role of the left side of the heart (left atrium and left ventricle)
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from
lungs; delivers blood to left ventricle, which
pumps blood to rest of the body
what are the two types of valves in the heart
- Atrioventricular
- Semilunar
what are the two different atrioventricular valves called? and what side are they on?
bicuspid (left side)
tricuspid (right side)
what are the two different semilunar valves called and what side are they on?
aortic (left side)
pulmonary (right side)
what components are part of the blood vessels (artery and vein)
tunica externa
tunica media
tunica intima
lumen
what components make up the structure of the capillary
endothelial cells and lumen.
what is atherosclerosis
LDL cholesterol forms plaques in arteries triggering inflammation.
