week 10: CNS, Senses Flashcards
where do afferent and efferent neurons transfer information
afferent neurons transmit information towards the CNS
efferent neuron transmit information away from the CNS
what are the function of the forebrain?
processing of olfactory information, regulation of sleep, learning, complex processing.
what is the function of the midbrain
coordinates routing of sensory input
what is the function of the hindbrain
controls involuntary activities and coordinates motor activities
what two regions are part of the fore brain?
- telencephalon (cerebrum)
- diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
what region is part of the mid brain?
mesencephalon (part of the brainstem)
what two regions are part oh the hindbrain
- metencephalon (pons (part of the brainstem), cerebellum)
- medulla oblongata (part of the brainstem)
the core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the ____________
reticular formation
what is the reticular formation
network of neurons in the brainstem
which part of the brain regulates sleep?
fore, mid, or hindbrain?
the forebrain regulates sleep
what is the limbic system
the part of the brain the controls behavioral and emotional response
what five structures are part of the limbic system?
thalamus
hypothalamus
olfactory bulb
amygdala
hippocampus
what controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions?
the cerebral cortex
what does the cerebral cortex control
voluntary movement and cognitive functions.
what part of the brain is the largest and is responsible for language, cognition, memory consciousness, and awareness of surroundings
the cerebrum
what are the names of the four lobes that the cerebrum is split into?
frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes.
what do somatosensory receptors provide information about?
touch, pain, pressure, temperature and position of muscles and limbs.
what two areas of the brain control language and speech
Broca’s area (forming speech)
Wernicke’s area (comprehending language)
what are all these example of;
- Schizophrenia
- Drug addiction
- Parkinson’s disease
- Alzheimer’s disease
nervous system disorders
what are some symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations, delusions
which drugs enhance the activity of the dopamine reward pathway
cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, alcohol and tobacco
what is the definition of a sense?
any system that consists of a group of sensory cell types that respond to a specific physical phenomenon and that corresponds to a particular group of regions within the brain where the signals are received and interpreted
what are the 5 types of sensory receptors?
- Mechanoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Electromagnetic receptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Pain receptors
what doe mechanoreceptors sense
sense physical deformation
(pressure, stretch motion, sound)
what do chemoreceptors detect?
changes in the chemical composition of the blood
what do electromagnetic receptors detect
electromagnetic energy such as light, electricity, magnetism
what do thermoreceptors detect
temperature
help regulate body temperature
what do pair receptors detect
pain, they respond to excess heat, pressure, or chemicals released from damaged or inflamed tissues
what is the tympanic membrane involved in
hearing
How do animals discriminate between different odours?
there a chemoreceptors for different odours
discrimination of odours occurs in the olfactory bulb in the brain
What is the process by which sensory transduction of light is accomplished in the vertebrate retina?
Sensory transduction of light in the vertebrate retina is accomplished through the activation of photoreceptor cells, specifically rod and cone cells, which convert the light into neural signals that are transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve.
What structures would neurobiologists look for if they are interested in determining if an animal can see in colour?
cones are responsible for detailed and colour vision
photopsins
