Week 7: Bitters Flashcards

1
Q

Stomachic

A

Tones or benefits the function of the stomach, increases appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bitter

A

Tastes bitter, stimulates digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carminative

A

Prevents formation of or relieves gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Laxative

A

Facilitates a bowel movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emetic

A

Causes vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antiemetic

A

Relieves nausea, stops vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a Quintessential Digestive Bitter

A

Gentiana lutea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the Alterative Bitters.

A

Taraxacum officinale, Cynara scolymus, Rumex crispus, Mahonia spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the Aromatic Bitters

A

Zingiber officinale, Citrus sinensis/aurantium, Elettaria cardamomum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the Bitter Carminatives

A

Matricaria recutita, Angelica archangelica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gentiana lutea - Gentian

Family, Common Name, Energetic Qualities

A

Family: Gentianaceae

Common Name: Bitter Root, Bitterwort

Energetic Qualities: Cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gentiana lutea - Gentian

Major Constituents

A

Amarogentin, gentiopicrin, gentiopicroside, swertiamarin - Secoiridoid glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gentiana lutea - Gentian

Actions

A

Bitter tonic to stimulate digestion.

Central to many classic digestive bitter formulas, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cholagogue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gentiana lutea - Gentian

Indications

A

anorexia, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal atony, malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does the essential oil contain the bitter flavonoids?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Citrus sinensis/Citrus aurantium
Sweet and Bitter Orange Peel

Family and Energetics

A

Family: Rutaceae

Energetics: uplifting, sour, bitter, cool or warm (depends on who you ask), drying

17
Q

Citrus sinensis/Citrus aurantium

Actions

A

bitter, carminative, corrigent

18
Q

Citrus sinensis/Citrus aurantium

Indications

A

dyspepsia, low appetite, malabsorption, gas and bloating.

19
Q

Citrus sinensis/Citrus aurantium

A

Constituents - Many BITTER TASTING FLAVONOIDS glycosides including neohesperidin and naringin; non- bitter flavonoids, such as hesperidin, rutoside, sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin; between 1-2% essential oil with limonene as the main component (>90%), perillyl alcohol and geraniol; pectins; and furanocoumarins. There are also many phenols contained in the peel including polymethoxylated flavones and numerous hydroxycinnamates.

20
Q

Classic Use of Orange Peel

A

a bitter tonic for dyspepsia and loss of appetite

Both the bitter principles and the d-limonene in the essential oil have effects on the GI mucosa.

The furanocoumarins in C. aurantium, mainly bergapten, are PHOTOSENSITIZING in sensitive, fair-skinned individuals. No significant furanocoumarins in C. sinensis
D-limonene is used in the treatment of gallstones because it is a solvent of cholesterol.

It is also used in treatment of GERD because it promotes peristalsis and protects GI mucosa.

21
Q

Artemisia vulgaris
Mugwort

Family & Energetics

A

Family: Asteraceae
Part Used: Aerial parts
Energetics: warming, aromatic

22
Q

Artemisia vulgaris - Mugwort

Constituents

A

Constituents: sesquiterpene
lactones, thujone, azulenes,
flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, resins

23
Q

Artemisia vulgaris - Mugwort

Actions

A

Actions: bitter, carminative, febrifuge, nervine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, emmenagogue, vermifuge

24
Q

Artemisia vulgaris - Mugwort

Indications

A

Indications: anorexia, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal atony, malabsorption

25
Artemisia absinthum (Wormwood) Family and Energetics
Family: Asteraceae Energetics: warming, aromatic
26
Artemisia absinthum (Wormwood) Constituents
Constituents: sesquiterpene, lactones, thujone, azulenes, | flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, resins
27
Artemisia absinthum (Wormwood) Actions
Actions: bitter, carminative, febrifuge, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidepressant
28
Artemisia absinthum (Wormwood) Indications
Indications: anorexia, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal atony, malabsorption, intestinal parasites
29
Mahonia spp. (Berberis spp.) (Oregon Grape) Family, Energetics and Specificity of Seat
Family: Berberidaceae Part Used: Root bark and stem bark Energetics: Cooling, drying Specificity of Seat: Liver
30
Mahonia spp. (Berberis spp.) (Oregon Grape) Constituents
isoquinoline alkaloids – berberine, hydrastine, oxycanthine
31
Mahonia spp. (Berberis spp.) (Oregon Grape) Actions
alterative, digestive bitter, anticatarrhal, antimicrobial, cholagogue, mild laxative.
32
Mahonia spp. (Berberis spp.) (Oregon Grape) Indications and CIs
Indications: - Skin conditions: psoriasis, eczema, herpes, pityriasis, acne, syphilis. - Poor gallbladder function: nausea, fat malabsorption, digestive upset - Infections: skin, eye, and intestinal tract (bacterial, fungal and protazoal) Contraindications: Pregnancy
33
Name as many Bitter Greens as you can.
``` Taraxacum officinale leaf Kale Mustard Greens Radicchio Collards Endive Spinach Chard Arugula ```
34
Common Bitter Formulas
Gentian/Scutellaria Gentian/Ginger Swedish Bitters (Paracelsus Elixir) - Licorice, Nutmeg, Aloe, Turkish Rhubarb, Calamus, Myrrh, Theriac Venetian, Zedoary root, Dittany, Gentian, Angelica Root, Kaolin, Carline thistle, Camphor, Tormentilla, Mace, Senna, Saffron
35
Therapeutic Indications for Bitters in general
Dyspepsia “Intestinal atony” (weak digestion) Hypochlorhydria Malabsorption
36
Contraindications for Bitters in general
``` Hyperchlorhydria Acute Gastritis Acute diarrhea Acute IBD flare Acute peptic ulcer Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Concomitant acid blocker drug therapy ```