Morphology

Question 1

Taproot

Answer 1

Large primary root that extends straight down and tapers gradually

Question 2

Fibrous Root

Answer 2

many roots extending down from the stem

Question 3

Adventitious Root

Answer 3

arises from non-root tissue (usually from a stem)

Question 4

STEMS

Answer 4

Framework of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, and other structures.
Exchange of water, nutrients, sap
Storage of fuel
Photosynthesis in green stems.

Question 5

Stem: Epidermis

Answer 5

outer layer of wax-coated cells

Question 6

Stem: Cortex

Answer 6

tissue between the epidermis and the phloem

Question 7

Stem: Vascular tissues

Answer 7

carry water, nutrients, and photosynthates through the plant

Question 8

Stem: Xylem

- Vascular Tissue

Answer 8

carries water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant

Question 9

Stem: Cambium

- Vascular Tissue

Answer 9

a single-celled layer of dividing tissue that creates the xylem on one side and the phloem on the other.

Question 10

Stem: Phloem

- Vascular Tissue

Answer 10

carries sugars down through the plant.

Question 11

Stem: Pith

Answer 11

the center of the stem that can be woody and dense, chambered, or hollow.

Question 12

Terminal Bud

Answer 12

the bud at the tip of the stem

Question 13

Lateral Bud

Answer 13

grow from leaf axils on the side of a stem

Question 14

Bud scales

Answer 14

modified leaves that protect the bud

Question 15

Naked bud

Answer 15

a bud without scales

Question 16

Leaf scar

Answer 16

the mark left where a leaf was attached

Question 17

Bundle scar

Answer 17

the marks within the leaf scar where the vascular bundles passed through.

Question 18

Terminal Bud Scale Scars

Answer 18

The area where the previous year’s terminal bud scales were attached. This shows the growth pattern from year to year.

Question 19

Modified Stems: Bulb

Answer 19

underground storage leaves attached at a base

Question 20

Modified Stems: Corm

Answer 20

short, thickened underground stem with scales that form a tunic. Corms are solid rather than having rings like an onion or cloves like garlic.

Question 21

Modified Stems: Crown

Answer 21

a compressed stem with leaves above and roots below

Question 22

Modified Stems: Stolon

Answer 22

horizontal, above-ground runner that sets down roots or generates a plantlet at its nodes.

Question 23

Modified Stems: Rhizome

Answer 23

horizontally growing underground stems

Question 24

Modified Stems: Twining Stems

Answer 24

used for climbing. Some twist clockwise, some counter-clockwise.

Question 25

Modified Stems: Tuber

Answer 25

an enlarged rhizome containing stored food. These structures have “eyes,” or modified buds dotted around them.

Question 26

Modified Stems: Tuberous stem

Answer 26

a storage stem with buds only on the “up” side.

Question 27

Leaf: Blade

Answer 27

the flattened part of the leaf

Question 28

Leaf: Petiole

Answer 28

stalk of the leaf

Question 29

Leaf: Margin

Answer 29

may by lobed, toothed, smooth etc.

Question 30

Leaf: Stipule

Answer 30

leaf-like appendages at the base of the leaf

Question 31

Leaf Pattern: Opposite

Answer 31

on opposite sides of the stem at the same level

Question 32

Leaf Pattern: Alternate

Answer 32

leaves at alternating levels on the stem (staggered)

Question 33

Leaf Pattern: Whorl

Answer 33

3 or more leaves at the same level of the stem

Question 34

Leaf Pattern: Rosette

Answer 34

a spiral pattern of attachments around the stem

Question 35

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Simple

Answer 35

blade is one continuous unit

Question 36

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Palmately Compound

Answer 36

multiple leaflets radiating from a central point

Question 37

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Pinnately Compound

Answer 37

leaflets arranged on both sides of a common rachis (stalk)

Question 38

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Double Pinnately Compound

Answer 38

common sub stalks and stalks

Question 39

Pistil vs Stamen

Answer 39

female organ and male organ

Question 40

Stigma

Answer 40

often sticky projection that receives pollen | Female

Question 41

Style

Answer 41

tissue between the stigma and the ovary | Female

Question 42

Ovary

Answer 42

``` contains ovules (unfertilized, immature seeds) and embryo sacs Female ```

Question 43

Anther

Answer 43

pollen-producing organs | Male

Question 44

Filament

Answer 44

stalk supporting the anthers | Male

Question 45

Petals

Answer 45

collectively form the corolla

Question 46

Sepals

Answer 46

protective, leaf-like coverings for the flower bud that collectively form the calyx

Question 47

Receptacle

Answer 47

base of the flower

Question 48

Pedicel

Answer 48

the stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence.

Question 49

Inflorescence

Answer 49

arrangement of flowers on a stem