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Bot Med 1 > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Taproot

A

Large primary root that extends straight down and tapers gradually

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2
Q

Fibrous Root

A

many roots extending down from the stem

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3
Q

Adventitious Root

A

arises from non-root tissue (usually from a stem)

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4
Q

STEMS

A

Framework of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, and other structures.
Exchange of water, nutrients, sap
Storage of fuel
Photosynthesis in green stems.

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5
Q

Stem: Epidermis

A

outer layer of wax-coated cells

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6
Q

Stem: Cortex

A

tissue between the epidermis and the phloem

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7
Q

Stem: Vascular tissues

A

carry water, nutrients, and photosynthates through the plant

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8
Q

Stem: Xylem

- Vascular Tissue

A

carries water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant

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9
Q

Stem: Cambium

- Vascular Tissue

A

a single-celled layer of dividing tissue that creates the xylem on one side and the phloem on the other.

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10
Q

Stem: Phloem

- Vascular Tissue

A

carries sugars down through the plant.

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11
Q

Stem: Pith

A

the center of the stem that can be woody and dense, chambered, or hollow.

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12
Q

Terminal Bud

A

the bud at the tip of the stem

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13
Q

Lateral Bud

A

grow from leaf axils on the side of a stem

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14
Q

Bud scales

A

modified leaves that protect the bud

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15
Q

Naked bud

A

a bud without scales

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16
Q

Leaf scar

A

the mark left where a leaf was attached

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17
Q

Bundle scar

A

the marks within the leaf scar where the vascular bundles passed through.

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18
Q

Terminal Bud Scale Scars

A

The area where the previous year’s terminal bud scales were attached. This shows the growth pattern from year to year.

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19
Q

Modified Stems: Bulb

A

underground storage leaves attached at a base

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20
Q

Modified Stems: Corm

A

short, thickened underground stem with scales that form a tunic. Corms are solid rather than having rings like an onion or cloves like garlic.

21
Q

Modified Stems: Crown

A

a compressed stem with leaves above and roots below

22
Q

Modified Stems: Stolon

A

horizontal, above-ground runner that sets down roots or generates a plantlet at its nodes.

23
Q

Modified Stems: Rhizome

A

horizontally growing underground stems

24
Q

Modified Stems: Twining Stems

A

used for climbing. Some twist clockwise, some counter-clockwise.

25
Q

Modified Stems: Tuber

A

an enlarged rhizome containing stored food. These structures have “eyes,” or modified buds dotted around them.

26
Q

Modified Stems: Tuberous stem

A

a storage stem with buds only on the “up” side.

27
Q

Leaf: Blade

A

the flattened part of the leaf

28
Q

Leaf: Petiole

A

stalk of the leaf

29
Q

Leaf: Margin

A

may by lobed, toothed, smooth etc.

30
Q

Leaf: Stipule

A

leaf-like appendages at the base of the leaf

31
Q

Leaf Pattern: Opposite

A

on opposite sides of the stem at the same level

32
Q

Leaf Pattern: Alternate

A

leaves at alternating levels on the stem (staggered)

33
Q

Leaf Pattern: Whorl

A

3 or more leaves at the same level of the stem

34
Q

Leaf Pattern: Rosette

A

a spiral pattern of attachments around the stem

35
Q

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Simple

A

blade is one continuous unit

36
Q

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Palmately Compound

A

multiple leaflets radiating from a central point

37
Q

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Pinnately Compound

A

leaflets arranged on both sides of a common rachis (stalk)

38
Q

Petiole Leaf Arrangement: Double Pinnately Compound

A

common sub stalks and stalks

39
Q

Pistil vs Stamen

A

female organ and male organ

40
Q

Stigma

A

often sticky projection that receives pollen

Female

41
Q

Style

A

tissue between the stigma and the ovary

Female

42
Q

Ovary

A 
contains ovules (unfertilized, immature seeds) and embryo sacs
Female
43
Q

Anther

A

pollen-producing organs

Male

44
Q

Filament

A

stalk supporting the anthers

Male

45
Q

Petals

A

collectively form the corolla

46
Q

Sepals

A

protective, leaf-like coverings for the flower bud that collectively form the calyx

47
Q

Receptacle

A

base of the flower

48
Q

Pedicel

A

the stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence.

49
Q

Inflorescence

A

arrangement of flowers on a stem

Bot Med 1 (17 decks)

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