Week 7 - Assessment and Intervention for Emerging Language (ch.7) Flashcards
What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?
4
Process of systematically applying interventions
Based upon the principles of learning theory
Improves socially significant behaviors to a meaningful degree
Demonstrates the interventions employed are responsible for the improvement in behavior
What 0-3 year olds are eligible for early intervention services?
(2)
Children with risk factors identified at birth
Others identified later
What are three Early Screening Instruments?
Language Development Survey (Rescorla, 1989)
Communicative Development Inventory (Fenson et al., 2007)
Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Caregiver Questionnaire (Wetherby and Prizant, 2003)
What is Transition Planning in early childhood intervention?
Planning to transition from 0-3 programs to preschool services-mandated by law
How do you create Family Centered Practices for 0-3 year olds?
(9)
Learn what parent’s hopes for intervention
Learn family expectations and discuss them and create consensus treatment plan
Include family’s assessment of child
Have families help choose natural learning environments
Review progress with families
Learn names of important people
Ask families to help involve child’s interests as learning opportunities
Let families be involved and to acquire new skills
Enable parents to do what works for their family
What Communication Skills are normally seen in Typically Developing Toddlers (8-18 months of age)?
(3)
Preverbal intentional communication using gaze, gesture, and vocalization at 8-12 months
Expressive vocabulary starts slowly
Sounds used are same as those found in early babble
How many words does a 12 month old have on average?
1-3 words
How many words does a 15 month old have on average?
10 words
How many words does a 18 month old have on average?
50-100 words, first word combinations
What is contained in the first 50 words?
4
Proper and common nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Social terms
What are five characteristics of the first 50 words?
Most have CV shape
Emerging closed syllables (CVC)
Are one syllable
Some reduplicated
Sounds same as in early babble
What is the average expressive vocabulary size at 18 months?
100 +/- words
Do multiword utterances increase in frequency at 18 months?
Yes
What are new communicative intentions that emerge at 18 months that relate to discourse level functions?
(3)
Answering
Acknowledging
Requesting information
Is an 18-month-old’s ability to understanding sentences far ahead of their production?
No
Does an 18-month-old’s repertoire of speech sounds increase?
How?
Yes
CVC and multisyllabic words increase (many are still single syllable)
How intelligible is an 18-month-old on average?
50% intelligible
What sort of meanings are expressed in early two-word utterances (around 18 months)?
(5)
Agent, action, object combinations
Possession
Location
Attributes
Meanings related to object permanence
(Word order is consistent within these combinations)
What is the average expressive vocabulary size at 24 months)?
What word classes are used at 24 months?
(5)
150-300 (300 is average)
Object, action words
Kinship terms
Spatial terms
Question words
Color, shape words
What grammatical morphemes are used at 24 months?
3
Verb phrase marking emerges (some overgeneralization)
Grammatical forms for sentences such as questions
Negatives
What is the normal length of sentences at 24 months?
3-5 words
How intelligible is a 24-month-old on average?
50%-70%
What two models can be used to assess communicative skills in children with emerging language?
(2)
Multidisciplinary Models
Transdisciplinary Models
What are Multidisciplinary Models?
Each professional does independent assessment
What are Transdisciplinary Models?
Child interacts with one adult, team members suggest assessment activities and observe assessment
What developments do certain gestural and play skills appear to be related to?
(3)
Intentions
First words
Word combinations
What is Play Assessment comparing?
Nonlinguistic comparison to language performance
What are some sample methods for Play Assessment?
3
Communication and symboloic play scale
Play Scale
McCune assessment
What are some sample methods for Gesture assessment?
2
Communication Development Inventory
CSBS
What is Intentional Communication Assessment?
Looks for range of communicative functions
Who do we use Intentional Communication Assessment with?
What does it assess?
Primarily children with little spoken language
Communicative basis for speech
What are we looking for in Intentional Communication Assessment?
(4)
Requests (for objects, actions)
Protests/rejections (regulatory functions)
Comments (joint attention functions)
Higher level discourse functions
In Intentional Communication Assessment, what frequency of communication are we looking for at 12 months?
1 intentional act/minute
In Intentional Communication Assessment, what frequency of communication are we looking for at 18 months?
2 intentional acts/minute
In Intentional Communication Assessment, what frequency of communication are we looking for at 24 months?
More than 5 intentional acts/minute`
What forms of communication are we looking for in Intentional Communication Assessment?
(4)
Gaze
Gesture
Vocalization
Speech
Can comprehension strategies mask deficits in receptive language?
Yes
How many standardized tests are sufficient to assess Language Comprehension in children with emerging language?
What is an assessment tactic we can use?
Very few
Identify levels of linguistic comprehension and strategy use in language
What specific levels of language comprehension are we looking for in Language Comprehension?
(4)
Single nouns
Verbs
Agent-action instructions
Agent-action-object combinations
Are there many standardized tests of early language production?
No
How can CommunicationSampling be used to assess children with emerging language?
(4)
Sample speech and communication
Home-recorded audio sample
Parent diary (see Figure 7-4)
Clinic-derived sample
Why might we assess Phonological Skills in children with emerging language?
(2)
There is a strong correlation between phonology and lexical development
We need to know what sounds child can produce to help choose words child can learn
What do we look at when assessing Phonological Skills in children with emerging language?
(3)
Consonant inventory from communication sample
Syllable structure
Relational phonology (comparing child’s model to adult)
How do we use the child’s phonological inventory when assessing Phonological Skills?
The number of consonants can help us to assess the severity of speech delay
How do we assess Emerging Lexical Production?
2
Parent report vocabulary checklists
Parent report of general communication skill
How does Semantic-Syntactic Production help us assess children with emerging language?
(2)
Relative frequency of word combinations vs. single word production from communication sample
Range of semantic relations expressed in multiword utterances
What is the average MLU at 24 months?
How do we assess the range of semantic relations expressed in multiword utterances?
(2)
Lahey’s content/form analysis or
Lee’s Developmental Sentence types
(If more than 30% to 50% are not within these categories, explore relations in other categories to determine if they are more or less advanced)
What different kinds of assessments can be used to assess children with emerging language?
(7)
Play and Gesture Assessment
Intentional Communication
Language Comprehension
Communication Sampling
Phonological Skills
Assessing Lexical Production
Semantic-Syntactic Production
How are eligibility decisions made for children with emerging language?
(3)
Local and state guidelines
Accumulation of risk factors –consider intervention
If disorder is only expressive language only, child will be monitored
What must we employ in our eligibility decisions for children with emerging language?
Family-centered practices
What should we employ in our Intervention Strategies for children with emerging language?
(9)
Develop play and gestural production
Increase frequency of intentional and communicative behavior (both preverbal and verbal)
Develop receptive language
Increase vocal and phonological production repertoire (sounds and syllables)
Increase vocabulary production, based on phonological and syllable repertoire
Include labels
Include verbs
Include relational words (more, all gone)
Include social interactional words (hi, night-might)
How should we change our intervention once a child’s expressive vocabulary reaches about 50 words?
Begin encouraging production of word combinations
What three things should we include in our intervention goals for children with emerging language?
Increase number of enjoyable and successful communicative interactions child has with adults
Increase child’s communicative attempts with or without prompting
Increase child’s ability to respond to adult communication attempts
What did Weatherby and Prizant say we should help develop in Communicative Intent-Functions?
(11)
Comment on object
Comment on action
Showing off
Calling
Acknowledgment
Clarification
Request object
Request action
Request information
Request permission
Request social routine
What sorts of requests did McLean and Snyder-McLean say we should help develop in Communicative Intent-Functions?
(6)
Attention
Attention to self
Objects
Instrumental action
Information: feedback
Non-instrumental action
What is the benefit in Play-based Intervention?
4
Children learn best by engaging and interacting with environment
Children learn through social interactions involving communication and problem solving
Skills are acquired incrementally representing normal maturational process
Play is significant context where incremental skills can be learned, practiced and mastered
What is one key to childhood development?
Adult’s encouragement of child
Can learning of new skills can be influenced by emotions?
Yes
Are all aspects of child’s thought (world) are important to functioning?
Yes
What are five characteristics of a Play-Based Approach?
Child-centered
Family-focused
Peer-oriented
Culturally and developmentally relevant
Based on pleasurable interactions
What are Intervention Methods that can be used with children with emerging language?
(3)
Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching
Parent Training
Indirect Language Stimulation
What methods are used in Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching?
4
Arranging environment
Following child’s attentional lead
Building Social Routines
Use Specific Consequences
What specific consequences are used in Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching?
(3)
Prompts
Models
Natural Consequences
What can we train parents to do for children with emerging language?
(3)
Forced choice
Developing core vocabulary
Incidental teaching
What do we do in Indirect Language Stimulation for children with Emerging Language?
(6)
Follow child’s lead
Expansion
Extension
Recasts
Open-ended questions
Verbal reflective questions
How do we help develop Sounds, Words, and Word Combinations in children with emerging language?
(3)
Increasing Phonological Skills
Developing a First Lexicon
Developing Word Combinations
