Week 1: Intro Flashcards
In “Who’s On First,” who played….
First Base?
Second Base?
Third Base?
Pitcher?
Catcher?
Left Field?
Right Field?
Short Stop?
Who
What
I Don’t Know
Tomorrow
Today
Why
(Unnamed)
I Don’t Give A Darn
ASHA defines a Language Disorder as an impairment in the _____ and/or _____ of a _____(3) system. The disorder may involve the _____ (3) of language in communication any combination.
Comprehension
Use
Spoken, written, and/or symbol
Form, Content, and/or Function
What is the Form of a Language?
3
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
What is the Content of a Language?
Semantics
What is the Function of a Langauge?
Pragmatics
What does ASHA’s definition of Language Disorders assume?
Naturalistic Perspective
What is a Naturalistic Perspective?
One that defines an impairment looking at an average level of ability as that achieved by a similar group of people
How do we diagnosis Language Disorders?
3
Standardized Test Scores
Comparisons
IQ
What is a Normative Perspective?
2
One that looks at the impact of the impairment in a child’s development and everyday life
Looks at society’s values and expectations of behavior
In what three ways can a language disorder prevent a child from meeting societal expectations?
Social relationships
Academic Achievement
Employment Prospects
What would constitute a Language Disorder using a Normative Perspective?
Does a child’s level of language achievement create an unacceptable level of risk of poor outcomes
Between what three things do we need to differentiate when assessing a young child for a Language Disorder?
Delay
Disorder
Difference
What is LD DELAY?
The child is slower to learn language skills but is acquiring them in a typical developmental order
What is LD DIFFERENCE?
The child’s language behaviors and skills are not exactly the same as their primary speech community
When was Gall important?
What did he do?
1825
Differentiating between children with intellectual disabilities and children with poor understanding and use of speech
When were Broca and Wernicke important?
What did they do?
1861, 1874
Found a relationship between the brain and language use in adults
When was Orton important?
What did he do?
(2)
1937
Was a neurologist
Found a connection between language learning and the acquisition of reading & writing
When were Ewing, McGinnis, Myklebust important?
What did they do?
1930-1971
Worked with deaf children who had language disorders
What are the two types of Language Disorders?
Receptive
Expressive
What is an Expressive Language Disorder?
Difficulty communicating one’s wants and needs
What is an Receptive Language Disorder?
Understanding another’s speech
What is a Communication Disorder?
The inability to clearly communicate with others
What is a Speech Sound Disorder?
Unintelligible speech
What is a Developmental Langauge Disorder?
Not acquiring language in a way expected for one’s age and gender
What is a Primary DLD (Language Impairment)?
2
Language acquisition is the prominent challenge
No biological cause
What is a Language Learning Disorder (school age children)?
Poor decoding and literacy skills
What difficulties do children with DLD have with Grammar?
2
Weak morphology and/or semantics
Omitting morphological markers
What are some morphological markers often dropped by children with DLD? (3)
When should these be acquired?
-ed
Plural -s
Copula form of “to be”
Age 5
What are some difficulties older children with DLD have?
5
Difficulty with wh- questions
Limited verb form usage
Poor understanding of passive tense
Poor understanding of embedded clauses
Poor understanding of pronomial references
How do DLDs affect Language Form?
Phonological deficits
What is the prevalence of SSD in 6 year olds?
What is the co-occurance of language impairments for children with SSD?
- 8%
1. 3%
What Phonological Processing Deficits contribute to Language Disorders?
(4)
Difficulty discriminating speech sounds
Difficulty categorizing speech sounds and meaningful contrasts,
Difficulty remembering novel speech sound sequences,
Difficulty manipulating sounds of the language
How does DLD affect Content?
3
Delayed acquisition of first words and phrases
Limited vocabulary
Make naming errors: e.g., knife ~ cutting thing
How does DLD affect Content in older children?
2
Difficulty with multiple meaning words (book: something to read, set up a trip, run)
Trouble learning verbs (impacts sentence structures)
How does DLD affect Pragmatics?
6
Difficulty with initiating and maintaining conversations,
Requesting and providing clarification,
Turn-taking,
Matching social context style
Emotional information,
Understanding figurative language (idioms, sarcasm)
How do we diagnosis DLD?
2
Comparison to children of the same:
- Chronological Age
- Mental Age
Why are Mental Age test unreliable?
2
Testing requires the need to understand and follow directions
Discrepancies between receptive/expressive language do not tell how a child will respond to therapy
