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Kin 147 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we measure ground reaction force (GRFs)

A

Force plates

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2
Q

What directions can force plates measure

A

Forces in:
Vertical
Anterior-posterior
Medial lateral

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3
Q

What is the most commonly analysed ground reaction force

A

Vertical

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4
Q

Force equals

A

Mass x Acceleration

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5
Q

What is impact peak

A

The force of the landing limb rapidly decelerating and colliding with the ground

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6
Q

What is active peak

A

The force resulting from the motion of the rest of the body accelerating over the ground

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7
Q

Which GRF parameters may be related to injury risk in runners

A

Loading rate

Impact Peak

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8
Q

Medically diagnosed injures in female runners saw to have ______ compared to normal female runners

A

Greater Vertical Impact peak

Greater Vertical average loading rate

Greater Vertical Instantaneous loading rate

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9
Q

Those that have stress fractures in lower extremities have _________ compared to normal runners

A

Greater average loading rates

Greater Instantaneous vertical loading rates

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10
Q

Rearfoot runners graphs possess

A

Impact peak

Active peak

Loading rate between initial contact and impact peak

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11
Q

Forefoot runners graphs possess

A

Hidden impact peak

Active peak

Loading rate between initial contact and active peak

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12
Q

Difference between rearfoot strike and forefoot strike is

A

Rearfoot strike has an impact peak visible

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13
Q

The loading rate will be higher in rearfoot or forefoot

Why

A

Rearfoot

The curve is steeper

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14
Q

Forefoot striking has

A

Lower laoding rate

No impact peak

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15
Q

Conclusion from research article states that forefoot running overall

A

There is fewer running related injuries than those running rearfoot strike

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16
Q

What % of people usually run rearfoot

What % of people usually run forefoot

A

95%

5-10%

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17
Q

The active peaks in rearfoot and forefoot running are

A

About the same

18
Q

What is different with regards to impact peak of forefoot running

A

The force of impact occurs later during a forefoot strike

This impact force may be hidden within the active force

There is still one there, just cant see it

19
Q

Forefoot running related to injuries

A

No evidence it reduces running injury rates

May decrease the risk of sustaining certain injuries such as knee injuries

May increase the risk of sustaining certain injuries such as Calf/ankle/foot injuries

20
Q

What knee injuries can forefoot running reduce the risk in

A

Patellofemoral pain

IT band syndrome

Patellar teninopathy

Tibial stress fractures

21
Q

What Calf/ankle/foot injuries can forefoot runner cause

A

Calf strains

Achilles tendinopathy

Metatarsal stress fracture

22
Q

How do shoes affect foot strike and vertical ground reaction forces

A

Minimalist shoes increased both the vertical impact peak and average vertical landing rate

23
Q

What other factors other than shoes could affect foot strike

A

Speed of running plays a factor

24
Q

What happens to forefoot striking

A

Impact peak gone (usually)

Lower loading rate

25
Q

What happens to rearfoot

A

Impact peak higher

Loading rate higher

26
Q

Loading rate consists of

A

The middle 60% of initial slope

Average loading rate = slop

Instantaneous loading rate = peak slop

27
Q

What is the highest vertical ground reaction force of the impact peak slop

A

Highest VGRF point (peak)

28
Q

What is the highest VGRF after impact peak or highest overall if no impact peak

A

Active peak

29
Q

What axis do we use to find vertical ground reaction force

A

Z axis

30
Q

What do we use to calculate impact peak

What do we use to calculate propulsive peak

A

Highest VGRF of first peak

Highest VGRF of the second peak

31
Q

How do we calculate propulsive peak

A

Highest VGRF of the second peak

32
Q

What usually causes people to transition to forefoot strike

A

Sprinting or increasing speed

33
Q

Force plates measure forces in which direction(s)

A

Medial/lateral

Anterior/posterior

Vertical

34
Q

The force that results from the rapid deceleration of the leg while striking the ground is represented by which aspect of the vertical ground reaction force curve

A

Impact Peak

35
Q

Lower loading rates have been associated with a higher risk of injury

A

False

36
Q

Forefoot striking generally results in no visible impact peak when looking at the ground reaction force curve

A

True

37
Q

Forefoot striking definitively lowers the risk of developing an injury

A

False

38
Q

Which statement about the impact force during running is true

A

There is still an impact force in forefoot running, it just occurs later during stance phase and is hidden by the active force

39
Q

When running in minimal shoe or barefoot, which statement is false

A

If a runner maintains a rearfoot strike, the loading rate will generally be lower

40
Q

The average loading rate is calculated with what portion of the vertical ground reaction force curve

A

The middle 60% of the region from initial foot strike to the first vGRF peak

41
Q

The vertical ground reaction force curve for walking also generally has two peaks

A

True

42
Q

The impact peak will never be higher in magnitude than the active peak

A

False

Kin 147 (12 decks)

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