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Kin 147 > Week 14 > Flashcards

Week 14 Flashcards

1
Q

When does a ACL tear most often occur

A

A cut or plant motion

2/3 are non contact cause
1/3 is due to contact or external object

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2
Q

What are the biomechanics of an ACL tear

A

Hip adduction

Hip internal rotation

Knee valgus

Ankle eversion

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3
Q

What is the sex bias in ACL tears

Why

A

Females are at 4-8 times higher risk than males

Strength - lower in the hip abductors
Anatomy - wider pelvis
Ligament laxity - varies with menstrual cycle

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4
Q

What hormones relate to increase risk of ACL tears during menstrual cycle

A

Day 12-14

Estradiol increases as risk increases

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5
Q

What is the gold standard for rehabilitation of ACL

A

ACLR

ACL reconstruction

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6
Q

What are the types of ACLR

A

Allograft

Autograft

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7
Q

What is a allograft

A

When you take a tissue from someone else

Insert into knee

Also synthetic tissue

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8
Q

What is the autograft

What is most common

A

Use own tissue

Most common are:
Patellar tendon
Hamstring

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9
Q

What is the problem with ACL tears

A

The incidence of a second ACL tear after ACLR and return to sport is HIGH

Re injury rates as high as 29% at a 2 year follow up

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10
Q

In Dr. Hannigans research what did he find

A

Significantly higher Hip adduction in females in RUNNING

Significantly higher Hip adduction AND Knee valgus in females in CUTTING

Negative hip adduction in males in CUTTING

No Significant difference in drop landing

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11
Q

What are the implications of the research

A

Females have worse kinematics than males post ACLR that place them at risk of re tear

Rehabilitation protocols need to improve

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12
Q

What are the future directions of the research

A

Motor retraining for dynamic tasks during ACLR rehabilitation

Visual, verbal or tactile cues for cutting and landing

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13
Q

What is knee osteoarthritis

A

When the protective cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down over time

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14
Q

What are some risk factors of knee osteoarthritis

A

Previous knee injuries

Valgus or varus gait

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of knee arthroplasty

A

Total knee arthroplasty

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

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16
Q

What is total knee arthroplasty

A

Completely replace knee

17
Q

What are the positives and negative of total knee arthroplasty

A

Positive:
Generally more cost effective long term

Negative:
Replaces entire knee even if some tissue is healthy

18
Q

What are the positives and negative of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

A

Positive:
Saves healthy tissue

Negative:
Patients will generally need TKA later in life

19
Q

What is a problem with knee replacement

A

Really common

Mechanical axis malalignment found in almost 1/3 of surgeries

20
Q

How are we looking to fix malalignment in surgeries

A

MAKO rio robotic arm system

21
Q

What are the stages of the MAKO ARM system

A

Before surgery:
CT scan

During surgery:
Feedback during bone resection
3D capture for knee alignment

22
Q

What were the functional outcomes of Dr. Hannigans research on Knee oestoarthitis

A

People who did the MAKO procedure were less aware that they had the surgery after

MAKO was generally better in all categories apart from pain compared to traditional

23
Q

What were the hip kinematic differences in Dr. Hannigans research on knee oestoarthitis

Why

A

Less hip movement for both surgical grounds

Less hip adduction in MAKO group compared to traditional

Slower walking velocity, possbily due to decreased gait stability

24
Q

What were the knee kinematic differences in Dr. Hannigans research on knee oestoarthitis

A

High valgus in MAKO group which is NOT ideal

Less knee varus than healthy group

25
Q

What were the knee moments differences in Dr. Hannigans research on knee oestoarthitis

A

Lowest external knee varus moment in MAKO group, less than traditional and healthy

26
Q

Summary of Dr hannigans research on knee oestoarthitits

A

Some functional scores are better with MAKO

Both groups may have slower walking speed and less gait stability than healthy group

Knee varus moments lower in MAKO group

27
Q

Which of the following is not a reason why females are more likely to tear their ACL compared to males?

A

Females have more knee range of motion, which increases injury risk

28
Q

An allograft is from the participant’s own tissue, usually the patellar tendon or hamstring tendon.

A

False

29
Q

Dr. Hannigan found that females 1 year post-ACL rehabilitation have significantly greater knee valgus during cutting.

A

True

30
Q

Dr. Hannigan observed statistically significant differences in drop landing biomechanics between sexes.

A

False

31
Q

Which of the following is not a biomechanical risk factor for an ACL tear during cutting or jump-landing?

Hip adduction

Hip internal rotation

Knee valgus

Ankle inversion

A

Ankle inversion

32
Q

A unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is when only 1 compartment of the knee is replaced during surgery.

A

True

33
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the Mako Robotic System?

A

3D motion capture immediately after surgery to assess gait biomechanics and stability

34
Q

In Dr. Hannigan’s research, the Mako group had less awareness of their artificial joint, according to the Forgotten Joint Score survey.

A

True

35
Q

What was the only KOOS sub-score that was lower in the Mako group?

A

Pain

36
Q

In Dr. Hannigan’s research, the external knee varus moment was significantly higher in the Mako group compared to the traditional and control groups.

A

False

Kin 147 (12 decks)

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