Week 13 Flashcards
What are some kinematic risk factors for injury
Medial collapse
Prolonged eversion
Overstriding
What are some kinetic risk factors for injury
Impact peak
Vertical loading rate
When was the first modern running shoe
Developed in 1970s
Nike Cortez
The incidence of running injuries has decreased from 1971 to present time
False
What are some of the attempts to decrease injury in running
Motion control shoe - BAD
Minimal shoe (foot gloves) - BAD
Maximal shoe - BAD
What is a motion control shoe
Different stack height
Trying to control excessive eversion
Around what percent were people getting injured before the late development in shoes in 2007
Around 50%
Which shoe had the most missed training days (due to injury)
Motion control shoe
Minimalist shoes increase…
The risk of injury
The pain at the shin and calf
Minimal shoes may cause you to adopt
A forefoot strike Leads to: No impact peak Lower loading rates Decreased force at knee
BUT
Greater achilles calf forces
Greater stress at forefoot
Rearfoot strikes in minimal shoes cause
Higher impact peak
Higher loading rate
What happens to the loading rate, impact peak and active peak of a MAXIMAL shoe (MAX shoe study 1)
Loading rate increased - stress fractures
Impact peak increased
Active peak did not change
What will happen to loading rate, impact peak and active peak of a MAXIMAL shoe when they are given time to acclimate to the shoe (Max shoe study 2)
Loading rate still increased
Impact peak increased
Active peak no real difference
Will there be a difference in eversion between shoes
Yes - more prolonged eversion
At push off in a maximal shoe what happens
They remain in eversion instead of going back to inversion
Summary of Max shoe study 2
6 week transition did not change biomechanics
Increased impact force, loading rates and prolonged eversion
All three factors may increase the risk of injury
2 runners dropped out to injuries that are related to prolonged eversion
Max shoe study 3 (two different brands of max shoes) results showed that
Loading rate didnt differ between traditional and maximal
Loading rate was different between minimal shoe and other shoes (max and trad)
Impact peak and active peak did not differ at all
Summary of max shoe study 3
Manipulated the cushioning did not differ impact force or loading rates between max and trad shoes
Runners still displayed prolonged eversion in max shoe
What are the overall findings of max shoes
Greater impact forces and loading rates in Hoka max shoes
Consistently displayed prolonged eversion in all max shoes
Midsole hardness or shape may significantly affect impact forces and loading rates
How did the Nike Alphafly next improve runners times
Better ankle kinematics
Better toe kinematics
High compliance and resilience in foam
How does better ankle kinematics help
Plate stabilises the ankle and reduces the internal ankle plantar flexion moment - calves do less work
How does better toe kinematics help
Toes waste energy when you are running by flexing
Runners lose less energy by the plate keeping their toes straight
How does high compliance and resilience in foam
Shoes are compliant (squish easily) and resilient (spring back to form), resulting in 80% of energy return, highest ever tested
Physical therapists…
will often be asked to analyze running form and provide advice on proper running shoes
As a review, which of the following would not be a risk factor for developing a running injury
High overall ground reaction forces
The incidence of running injuries has decreased from 1971 to present time
False
Motion Control shoes significantly decreased the incidence of running injuries
False
Adopting a forefoot strike in minimal shoes increases the forces and stress at which area of the body
Calf
Achilles
Metatarsals
All answers are correct
All are correct
In Dr. Hannigan’s first maximal shoe study, what factors were higher in the maximal shoe
Impact peak and loading rate
In Dr. Hannigan’s 2nd maximal shoe study, a 6-week transition to the maximal shoes was effective at eliminating the potential risk factors for injury
False
In Dr. Hannigan’s 3rd maximal shoe study, he found the same results for the ground reaction forces as the first two studies
False
What potential risk factor for injury was found in maximal shoes in both the 2nd and 3rd of Dr. Hannigan’s maximal shoe research studies
Prolonged eversion
Which of the following was not a reason why Nike’s maximal racing shoes improved performance:
A reduction in the internal plantar flexion moment compared to standard racing shoes
Less energy lost from toe flexion
An increase in shoe compliance
A decrease in shoe resilience
A decrease in shoe resilience
