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Kin 147 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we assess muscle function

A

Strength testing

Manual muscle testing

Dynamometry

Electromyography

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2
Q

Manual Muscle Testing is used…

How is it used to aide

A

To determine the extent of muscular weakness as the result of disuse, injury or disease

Aid diagnoses and plan therapeutic exercise when a strength deficit exists

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3
Q

Manual Muscle Testing scores go from

A

0 - 5

0 being none

5 being normal

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4
Q

What type of test is used in manual muscle testing

A

Isometric

but can also test through range of motion

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5
Q

Examiners in manual muscle testing place the participant in…

A

A position and try to break the participant by moving them away from their isometric hold

They then grade muscle contraction based on MMT grading scale

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6
Q

Patient positioning in Manual Muscle testing involves

A

Muscle is placed at optimum muscle length tension relationship

Exact position varies per muscle group

Patient is physically placed in position to best test that muscle group

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7
Q

How could you modify the test for hip flexion using MMT if the patient cannot lift their own leg to optimal position

A

Have them lie on their side to neglect the gravity effects

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8
Q

Examiner positioning during MTT involves

A

Placing the resistance to maximise your mechanical advantage

In order to resist the patient isometrically, the amount of torque you apply must match the amount of torque the patient applies - static equilibrium

Muscle torque = resistance torque

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9
Q

Torque =

A

Force x Moment arm

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10
Q

How do we maximise your leverage

A

By increasing the moment arm of your resistance force

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11
Q

Isometric is

A

Pushing against immobile resistance

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12
Q

Concentric is

A

Pushing against resistance

Speed not consistent

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13
Q

Eccentric is

A

Push against resistance

Resistance wins

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14
Q

Isokinetic is

A

Pushing against resistance at constant speed

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15
Q

Isometric dynamometry is most common because

A

All types exist

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16
Q

What can you measure with Dynamometry

A

Peak force

Average force

Power (force/time)

Time to force peak or decline (fatigue)

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17
Q

What are the benefits of handheld dynamometry

A

Cheap

Easy to Perform

Quick in clinic

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18
Q

What are the benefits of Isokentic

A

Gold standard in accuracy

Can compare between subjects

Multiple measurement modes

Can measure any joint

Not reliant on tester strength

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19
Q

Range of motion testing is…

A

Biomechanical assessment of human movement

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20
Q

How do we assess ROM/Flexibility

A

Stretching Assessment

Goniometry

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21
Q

What can limit ROM

A 
Muscle tightness
Tendons stiffness
Ligament stiffness
Other tissues (fascia, rentinaculum)
Injury
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22
Q

Positioning goniometer involves

A

Lining up goniometer axis on joint center

Line up stationary arm with stationary body segment

Move joint to end ROM (passive or active) and align goniometer moving arm with moving body segment

Read gonionmeter (degrees)

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23
Q

Black numbers on goniometer used

Red numbers on goniometer used

A

If joint neutral position is 0 or 180

If joint neutral position is 90

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24
Q

Goniometry exception is

Why

A

Trunk flexion/extension

This is because it is not accurate because spine is multi segmented

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25
Q

Passive vs active testing in goniometry

A

Passive = you move the patient to their end range

Active = patient moves to end of range

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26
Q

What should you consider in goniometry testing

A

Patients strength

Whether the patient is injured or in pain

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27
Q

Which of the following is not a method of testing muscle function or strength

A

Goniometry

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28
Q

Manual muscle testing (MMT) and dynamometry are most commonly performed using what type of muscle contraction

29
Q

If a patient is only able to achieve full range of motion in a gravity eliminated position, they would score what on the MMT scale

30
Q

For MMT, you should place the participant in a position where the muscle is shortened and weaker relative to the optimum length-tension relationship

31
Q

What factor can you most easily manipulate in order to improve your mechanical advantage when resisting the patient

A

The moment arm of your resistance force

32
Q

A Biodex or HUMAC Norm machine is able to perform what type of dynamometry, that is essentially impossible with a handheld dynamometer

A

Isokinetic

33
Q

Which portion of the goniometer do you line up with the joint center

A

Axis of rotation

34
Q

The angle of the joint in neutral position will affect how you read the dynamometer

35
Q

Measuring trunk flexion/extension range of motion is done by lining the goniometer axis with the hip joint, the stationary arm with the thigh, and the moving arm with the shoulders

36
Q

Moving the patient to the end of their range of motion during goniometry is called what type of test

A

Passive ROM testing

37
Q

0 on a MMT scale represents

A

No visible contraction

38
Q

1 on a MMT scale represents

A

Visible or palpable contraction with no motion

39
Q

2 on a MMT scale represents

A

Full ROM gravity eliminated

40
Q

3 on a MMT scale represents

A

Full ROM against gravity

41
Q

4 on a MMT scale represents

A

Full ROM against gravity, moderate resistance

42
Q

5 on a MMT scale represents

A

Full ROM against gravity, maximal resistance

43
Q

Muscle for ankle plantarflexion

A

Gastrocnemius

44
Q

Muscle for ankle dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

45
Q

Muscle for ankle inversion

A

Tibialis anterior

46
Q

Muscle for ankle eversion

A

Peroneus longus/brevis

47
Q

Muscle for knee flexion

A

Bicep femoris

48
Q

Muscle for knee extension

A

Rectus femoris

49
Q

Muscle for hip flexion

A

Psoas major

50
Q

Muscle for hip extension

A

Gluteus maximus

51
Q

Muscle for hip abduction

A

Gluteus medius

52
Q

Muscle for hip adduction

A

Adductor longus

53
Q

Muscle for hip IR

A

Tensor fasciae latae

54
Q

Muscle for hip ER

A

Piriformis

55
Q

Muscle for trunk flexion

A

Rectus abdominis

56
Q

Muscle for trunk extension

A

Erector spinae

57
Q

Muscle for shoulder flexion

A

Anterior deltoid

58
Q

Muscle for shoulder extension

A

Latissimus Dorsi

59
Q

Muscle for shoulder abduction

60
Q

Muscle for shoulder adduction

A

Pectoralis major

61
Q

Muscle for shoulder IR

A

Subscapularis

62
Q

Muscle for shoulder ER

A

Infraspinatus

63
Q

Muscle for elbow flexion

A

Brachialis

64
Q

Muscle for elbow extension

A

Tricep brachii

65
Q

Muscle for wrist flexion

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris/radialis

66
Q

Muscle for wrist extension

A

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris/radialis

67
Q

Muscle for ulnar deviation

A

Flexor & Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

68
Q

Muscle for radial deviation

A

Flexor and Extensor Carpi Radialis

Kin 147 (12 decks)

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