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PSYC 203 > Week 7-8 > Flashcards

Week 7-8 Flashcards

1
Q

When does extreme or quirky become maladaptive? What constitutes as abnormal behaviour?

A
  1. Atypical behaviour
  2. Maladaptive
  3. Distressing to the person who exhibits it or their friends and family
  4. Socially unacceptable
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2
Q

What did Rosenhan’s pseudopatients discover?

A

Normal behaviour was interpreted as pathological

Doctors rarely respond to questions

Patients are treated as thought they are not there

Note taking was seen as deviant behaviour

Many real patients were not fooled

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3
Q

DSM-5

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

System for diagnosing psychopathology

Goals:

  • provide a system for diagnosing disorders based on observable behaviours
  • improve timing and reliability of diagnoses
  • make diagnoses consistent with research evidence and practical experience
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4
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Class of disorders classified by feelings of excessive fear and apprehension

May be related to a particular situation/object

Accompanied by increased physiological arousal

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5
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Chronic, high level anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

Almost continuous anxiety for six months

Difficulty concentrating

Fatigue

Not common

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6
Q

Panic disorder

A

Characterized by many recurring panic attacks that come on suddenly and unexpectedly

Many panic attacks

Not common

Impending doom, irrational thoughts/feelings

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7
Q

Phobic disorder

A

Fear: excessive, irrational, avoidance of specific objects or situations.

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8
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of public spaces that we can’t easily escape from

May result in severe panic disorder and person avoiding going out at all

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9
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Most common of phobias

Anxiety involving a fear of and a desire to avoid situations where one might be scrutinized by others.

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10
Q

Specific phobias

A

4 subtypes:

  • animal fears
  • blood-injection/injury fear and disgust
  • natural environment fear (like heights)
  • situation fear (like the dentist)
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11
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Persistent, uncontrollable thoughts that cause compulsive rituals that interfere with daily life

Obsessions: uncontrollable thoughts
Compulsions: behaviours we MUST engage in, we have no choice

Uncommon

Reduction in anxiety around obsession is temporary

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12
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

Symptoms:

  • re-experiencing event
  • heightened arousal
  • avoidance
  • negative thoughts and feelings

Common in sexual assault survivors, military, and mass casualty survivors

Persona can’t stop thinking about event, flashbacks or replaying event in mind. Always looking for threats and trying to avoid threats.

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13
Q

Inherited ____ may be a risk factor for anxiety disorders.

A

Inherited temperament may be a risk factor for anxiety disorders.

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14
Q

The brain’s _____ may underlie anxiety

A

The brain’s neurotransmitters may underlie anxiety.

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15
Q

Etiology of anxiety disorders: environment factors

A

Conditioning and learning

Stress

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16
Q

Mood Disorders

A

Class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes.

May include delusions

May be triggered by specific event or have no identifiable cause

17
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Persistent feelings of sadness and despair, loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure, sleep and appetite difficulties.

More common in women than in men.

18
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

People with the disorder vary between 2 extremes:

  1. Manic phase: rapid speech, inflated self-esteem, impulsiveness, euphoria, decreased need for sleep.
  2. Depressed phase: gloomy mood, hopelessness, loss of energy.
19
Q

Mood disorders are correlated with lowers levels of two neurotransmitters in the brain:

A
  1. norepinephrine

2. serotonin

20
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Class of disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes.

21
Q

Positive symptoms

A

addition of abnormal behaviour

22
Q

Negative symptoms

A

subtraction of normative behaviour

23
Q

Schizophrenia: Positive Symptoms

A 
Delusions:
-grandeur
-persecution 
Hallucinations:
-auditory most common
Disordered behaviour
Disorganized speech
24
Q

Schizophrenia: Negative Symptoms

A 
Flat affect
Alogia:
-no sign of engagement in conversations
Avolition:
-inability to initiate goal-directed behaviour
25
Q

Comorbid

A

Individual has multiple diagnoses

26
Q

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

Alert and responsive but has delusions and hallucinations often organized around a theme.

27
Q

Catatonic Schizophrenia

A

Characterized by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity

28
Q

Disorganized Schizophrenia

A

Severe deterioration of adaptive behaviour

29
Q

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

A

Lots of variation

30
Q

Schizophrenia: Neurochemical Factors:

A

Excess of dopamine

31
Q

Schizophrenia: Structural Abnormalities in the brain

A

Enlarged brain ventricles, unknown if this is the cause or the result of schizophrenia.

32
Q

Disruptions in the normal maturational process of the brain before before or at birth may contribute in part to schizophrenia. Disruptions include:

A

Prenatal exposure to flu virus
Severe famine
Birth trauma

33
Q

Personality Disorders apply to people with behaviours that are:

A
  • inflexible
  • maladaptive
  • long-standing
  • causes stress or social or occupational difficulties
34
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder: Antagonism

A
  • opposition to others

- manipulative, deceitful, hostile, callous

35
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder: Disinhibition

A

-irresponsibility, impulsive, risk-taking

36
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Unstable and intense relationships alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation

Unstable self-image

Chronic feelings of emptiness

Instability in goals, aspirations, values

More likely in women

PSYC 203 (9 decks)

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