Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

unique charcteristics of skeletal Muscle

A

Attach to bones & produce movement

Voluntary, Striated (“striped”), tubular, multi-nucleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

unique charcteristics of cardiac muscle

A

Only in heart

Involuntary, Striated, branched, uni-nucleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

unique charcteristics of smooth muscle

A

Gut muscle, blood vessels

Involuntary, Non-striated, spindle-shaped, uni-nucleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

general muscle charcteristics

A
  • Excitability
  • Ability to respond to stimulation
  • Contractility
  • Ability to shorten forcefully
  • Extensibility
  • Ability to stretch & still contract
  • Elasticity
  • Ability to resume resting length after contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

functions of muscle

A 
-Produce movement
	Locomotion: skeletal
	Blood pressure: --cardiac Propulsion: smooth
-Maintain body positions and posture
-Support soft tissues
-Maintain body temperature
-Store nutrients
-Valves/Sphincters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Fasica

A

connective tissue that attaches the hypodermis to the muscle beneath
Fascia lies over the epimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the three CT layers associated with muscle

A

Epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

epimysium

A

CT that covers the entire muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

perimysium

A

CT that covers the fascicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fascicles

A

bundles of muscle fiber cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds an individual muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the purpose of connective tissue in the muscle

A

Together, the three muscle connective tissue layers strengthen muscles (keep muscles from bursting under pressure) and come together to form tendons (attach muscle to bone) and aponeruoses (a tendon sheet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

levels of organization of muscle

A

fascicle, muscle cell, myofibril, sarcomeres, myofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

muscle cell

A

muscle fiber- covered by connective tissue endomysium, its cell membrane is called sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sarcolemma

A

the fine transparent tubular sheath that envelops the fibers of skeletal muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

myofibril

A

cylindrical structures made of repeating sarcomeres, 100s-1000s of myofibers in a muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sarcomere

A

the contractile unit of muscle, composed of myofilaments made of contractile filaments (~10,000 per myofibril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

myofilaments

A

3 kinds of filament make up the sarcomere, thick (myosin) thin (actin) elastic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are elastic filaments made up of

A

titin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are myofibrils covered in?

A

sarcoplasmic recticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is sarcoplasmic retculum

A

a specialized endoplasmic reticulum. Its job is to release calcium to induce muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are T tubules?

A

they are continuous with in the sarcolemma, and transmit the action potential throughout the muscle cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

study the parts of the sarcomeres

A

STUDY IT

24
Q

What do actin filaments do

A

actin filaments slide pass myosin filaments during muscle contraction.

25
Q

what do myosin filaments do?

A

Myosin molecule heads bind the actin to keep the muscle from sliding backwards. Myosin heads will bind and release multiple times during a contraction, to move the thin filaments

26
Q

do thin or thick filaments change length during muscle contraction?

A

No the thick and thin layers begin to overlap.

27
Q

what happens when a muscle cells shortens

A

As a muscle cell shortens, the following events occur:
The I bands shorten
The distance between Z discs shortens
H bands disappear
Adjacent A bands move closer together (though their length does not change.)

28
Q

what is action potential

A

Neurons generate an electrical impulse that is conducted down the length of the axon; the electrical impulse

29
Q

At rest how is the neuron charged

A

negatively charged and the outside is positively charged.

30
Q

what is depolarization

A

it is the process of equalizing out the charges between the outside of the neuron and the neuron itself

31
Q

What makes the inside outside of neruron cells positive or negative?

A

the movement of ions

32
Q

what is a synapse?

A

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

33
Q

what is the motor end plate

A

motor neuron establishes synaptic contact with a striated muscle fiber.

34
Q

what is the neuromuscular junction

A

the synapse/site of interaction between neuron & muscle cells – where neuron “meets” muscle fiber.

35
Q

what are thin filaments surrounded by

A

troponin and tropomyosin

36
Q

what are the two types of channels proteins that are responsible for action potential

A
  • Passive channels (leak channels) are always open (potassium channels)
  • Gated channels open and close in response to stimuli (sodium channels)
37
Q

what ion does the membrane let out more readily.

A

Potatsium

38
Q

where do all action potentials begin?

A

the brain sends an electrical signal down the axon to the muscle fibers and makes them contract

39
Q

what is troponin

A

a binding spot for calcium on the muscle cells

40
Q

what is tropmyosin

A

this is a organelle wall that moves and exposes the actin filaments when the troponin is unlocked

41
Q

what is cross bridge formation

A

when myosin heads can bind to actin

42
Q

what are the five steps of telling a muscle fiber to contract?

A

1: Action potential moves down motor neuron,
2: Neurotransmitter ACh is released into the synaptic cleft, it attaches to receptors on the sarcolemma
3: ACh binding triggers action potential in the muscle fiber being triggered.
4: Muscle Action Potential triggers Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
5: Ca2+ initiates muscle contraction

43
Q

what is another way to say action potential

A

electrical curent

44
Q

what neruotransmitter signals the muscle cell?

A

Acetylcholine(ACh)

45
Q

what is the function of titin

A

the function of elastic filaments(titin) is to anchor thin filaments.

46
Q

what are the steps of bone reformation

A
  1. A Hematoma forms at the fracture site
  2. A soft callus of granulation tissue forms, regions begins to become vascularized.
  3. The soft callus is changed to bony callus, made of spongy bone. This takes about 2 months to complete.
  4. The bony callus is remodeled, excess material on diaphysis is removed, compact bone laid down to reconstruct shaft walls.
47
Q

what are the six types of synovial joint

A 
Gliding joints
Hinge joints 
Pivot joints 
Ellipsoidal 
Saddle joints 
Ball and socket joints
48
Q

rigormortis

A

is a fixed muscular contraction that occurs shortly after death, when muscle cells run out of ATP. Myosin heads cannot release from actin filaments without ATP.

49
Q

what is a motor unit

A

a nueron and all the cells it is attached to

50
Q

what is sustained tension

A

Allows motor units to rest in rotation

51
Q

sustained tetnus

A

when every muscle fiber is contracted

52
Q

what is meant by isotonic contraction

A

the muscles actually shorten

53
Q

isometric contraction

A

the muscle stays the same length, tension is just built

54
Q

what are the five steps in the contraction cycle/ cross bridge cycling

A

Step 0: Ca2+ binding to troponin, to move tropomyosin, which allows the active sites of actin (thin filament) to be exposed.
Step 1: Activated myosin head is drawn to and is attached to the active site on myosin, forming a cross-bridge.
Step 2: The myosin head pivots, which causes the “power stroke” to be performed, pulling actin towards the M line.
Step 3: ATP binds to the myosin head, causing the cross bridge to detach
Step 4: Myosin head is reactivate/”re-cocked” into position (to move back to step 1).

55
Q

what is fine control compared to gross control in relation to a motor unit.

A

Fine control = 1-5 fibers (cells) per M.U. (eye)

Gross control= 1000’s of fibers (cells) per M.U. (leg)

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions