Week 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

is the study of internal and external structure, and how the body structures relate to each other.

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

is study of how living organisms perform vital functions (the function of the structure).

Question 3

what are the levels of organization

Answer 3

atoms> Molecules> Organelles> Cells> tissue> organ> organ system> organism

Question 4

what is the smallest unit of life

Answer 4

cell

Question 5

what is homeostasis

Answer 5

an organism’s way of trying to keep the internal parts of the organism constant for proper functonality

Question 6

ways to keep homeostasis (effectors)

Answer 6

• shivering(contraction of muscle)
• dilation/contraction of capillaries
• release of sweat

Question 7

what controls homeostasis in the human body

Answer 7

hypothalimus

Question 8

negative feedback

Answer 8

the effector acts against the stimulus.

- it is hot outside so the body produces sweat to combat the heat.

Question 9

positive feedback

Answer 9

the body lets out chemicals to increase what is happening.

-a mother is breastfeeding so the body sends out a message to produce more breast milk

Question 10

what is homeostasis considered?

Answer 10

dynamic equlalibrium

Question 11

what is a serous membrane

Answer 11

a double membrane with a fluid-filled space between the membranes

Question 12

what is a serous membrane used for?

Answer 12

Their purpose is to allow organs to glide over each other as the body moves, preventing friction.

Question 13

study the directions based on a cadaver

Answer 13

lateral medial, all that stuff. study itttttttttttttttt

Question 14

what are the two major parts of the skeleton?

Answer 14

appendicular, axial

Question 15

what parts are included in the appendicular skeleton

Answer 15

bones of the limbs

Question 16

what parts are included in the axial skeleton

Answer 16

the central part of the body skull, spine, ribs.

Question 17

what are the three major planes

Answer 17

frontal, sagital, and transverse

Question 18

why do chemical bonds occur

Answer 18

because of an interaction between the electrons of atoms

Question 19

what are the three types of bonds

Answer 19

covalent,ionic, hydrogen

Question 20

covalent

Answer 20

sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 21

ionic

Answer 21

complete transfer of electrons

Question 22

hydrogen

Answer 22

the positive charge of one molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another.

Question 23

polar covalent bonds are

Answer 23

hydrophilic (dissolve in water)

Question 24

nonpolar covalent bonds are

Answer 24

hydrophobic (don’t dissolve in water)

Question 25

what is metabolism

Answer 25

the sum of the body's chemical reactions

Question 26

what are the three types of reactions

Answer 26

decomposition, synthesis and exchange

Question 27

decompistion

Answer 27

breaking a molecule into smaller parts. releases energy aka exergonic.

Question 28

synthesis

Answer 28

making a new molecule out of other molecules, requires energy

Question 29

exchange

Answer 29

reacting molecules are shifted around

Question 30

what are commonly used gases in the body

Answer 30

O2, used for cellular resperation and C02 is produced as waste

Question 31

what are salts used for

Answer 31

conduct electricity and charges molecule

Question 32

water

Answer 32

- universal solvent - essential reactant - lubricant - 2/3 of the body's mass

Question 33

organic molecule

Answer 33

a molecule that contains Carbon or oxygen

Question 34

carbohydrates

Answer 34

small units are monosaccharides a large sugar molecule called polysaccharides used for energy important sugars; glycogen, glucose

Question 35

lipids uses

Answer 35

energy storage protection hormones structure

Question 36

are lipid water soluable

Answer 36

no

Question 37

protein function

Answer 37

``` energy source support movement transport catalyst defense ```

Question 38

what are the subunits of proteins

Answer 38

amino acids

Question 39

nucleic functions

Answer 39

to store information of the cell

Question 40

use for ATP

Answer 40

short term energy carrier used for cellular functions

Question 41

plasma membrane

Answer 41

hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails and integral proteins.

Question 42

what are the integral proteins in the cell membrane

Answer 42

- transport proteins | - anchor proteins

Question 43

what is cholesterol role in membranes?

Answer 43

more cholesterol=less permeability of cell | less is the opposite

Question 44

simple diffusion

Answer 44

molecules go from a high concentration to low concentration to estabish equlibrium

Question 45

osmosis

Answer 45

water related simple diffusion

Question 46

isotonic solution

Answer 46

inside= outside

Question 47

hypotonic solution

Answer 47

more solute in the inside than outside

Question 48

hypertonic solution

Answer 48

less solute inside than the outside

Question 49

filtration

Answer 49

Does not require energy. Substances pushed through membrane by hydrostatic pressure. -hydrostatic pressure, the pressure that is created because of gravity

Question 50

facilitated diffusion

Answer 50

high [solute] to low [solute]. Does not require energy. Passive transportation of large hydrophilic molecules by proteins.

Question 51

Active transport:

Answer 51

low [solute] to high [solute]. Requires energy/ATP.

Question 52

Vesicular transport

Answer 52

Requires energy/ATP. Molecules entering/exiting the cell via vesicle formation (a “bubble” made of lipid bilayer that holds molecules).

Question 53

endocytosis

Answer 53

taking in molecules

Question 54

exocytosis

Answer 54

excreting moleucles

Question 55

cytoskeleton

Answer 55

supports and provides structure to the cell

Question 56

endoplasmic recticulum

Answer 56

is a membranous network two parts: Rough ER = Protein synthesis ( it is studded with ribosomes) Smooth ER = Lipid synthesis

Question 57

golgi apparatus

Answer 57

modifies and ships proteins.

Question 58

Lysosomes

Answer 58

site of intracellular digestion.

Question 59

Mitochondria

Answer 59

site of ATP synthesis, and act as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 60

nucleus

Answer 60

houses genetic information/stores the genome.

Question 61

study the cell cycle

Answer 61

do it!!

Question 62

what is the central dogma?

Answer 62

DNA> RNA>protein