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Nutrition - Vic > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is urine alkalization?

A
  • combats systemic acidosis

- stones are prevented from forming in alkaline urine (oxalate, cysteine, and urate uroliths)

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2
Q

System ____ becomes a major component of renal failure

A

acidosis

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3
Q

What kind of therapy can be done that is against acidosis?

A

adding buffers

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4
Q

What is an alkaline precursor?

A

Lactated Ringers because it contains sodium lactate

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5
Q

gluconates (granular powdery salt) and lactates are?

A

biocarbonates

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6
Q

How can you stop the progression of nephron death?

A

control of inflammation in the nephrons
limit quantity of protein but increase protein BV
provide high energy denisty and high intake of N-3 FA’s (fish oils: krill oil; flaxseed oils
Strictly limit phosphorus intake; reduce control sodium
control acidemia

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7
Q

What should the specific gravity for urine be in dogs?

A

1060

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8
Q

What should the specific gravity for urine be in cats?

A

1070

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9
Q

What % is renal failure?

A

66%

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10
Q

What is the objective of using very high levels of N-3 Omega fatty acids in the ongoing management of chronic progression of renal disease?

A

to inhibit inflammation

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11
Q

What does it mean to take renal “workload” to a bare minimum?

A

highly restricted nitrogen and phosphorus intakes (systemic alkalization)
control nucleic acids
food is adjunctive to other medical therapy
(insufficiency failure - kidney)

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12
Q

What breed is susceptible to chronic cholangiohepatitis?

A

Dobermans

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13
Q

What is cholangiohepatitis?

A

inflammation of the liver - begins to scar

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14
Q

What breed is susceptible to Copper Storage hepatopathy?

A

Belington Terrier

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15
Q

What is the human equivalent to Copper storage hepatopathy?

A

Wilson’s Disease

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16
Q

What is a multimodal approach to arthrosis (also known as osteoarthritis, is a joint disease caused by chronic wear of cartilage?

A

exercise
physical therapy
antiinflammatory drug
weight loss can help

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17
Q

What are some ways to help obesity?

A 
weight loss
prevention of weight re-gain
realistic, scientifically sound feeding programs
foods and rate of loss profiles
client education
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18
Q

What are some ways to motivate clients to help their pet lose weight?

A

show they a pound of lard (1 lb. of fat - 3500 calories)

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19
Q

Weight loss calculators?

A

body composition scoring
x-ray technique
BMI scale

20
Q

What is a good weight loss plan?

A

old weight - desired weight = lbs to lose?
how many calories to lose if 1 lb of fat = 3500 Kcal?
old weight = 94 lbs
Desired weight = 80 lbs
14 lbs x 3500 = 49,000 Kcal ME

21
Q

How do you find new caloric number?

A

RER @ desired weight = Kcal per day to feed
ex: RER for 36 Kilograms = 30 (36) + 70 = 1080
Pick a food and obtain caloric denisity for food dose
Calories/Caloric density = Volume to feed
Move to feeding multiple times per day if possible
Reason: Thermic Effect of Digestion
Calories to lose/calorie deficit per day = days to goal

22
Q

What does it mean when they say to use weight loss foods?

A

reduce calories without reducing nutrients or nutrition - emphasize higher protein and fiber intake along with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and i-carnitine

23
Q

What are some science diet weight loss foods?

A

m/d, r/d`

24
Q

What is a science diet food that helps with post loss calorie control?

A

w/d - formulated with insoluble bran

25
Q

What breed has a weight control problem which owner’s need to watch?

A

Corgi’s

26
Q

What is metabolic management?

A

Pre diabetes (metabolic syndrom) or diabetes
Strategies to control CHO’s and bursts of blodd glucose
Glycemic Index - how quickly a food releases surgars
Glycemic load liver - How much CHO/s from a meal

27
Q

What is the glycemic Index?

A

how quickly a food releases surgars

28
Q

What is Glycemic load liver?

A

How much CHO/s from a meal

29
Q

What science prescription diet is for diabetes?

A

w/d

30
Q

In diabetic situations the objective is ___ % of calories from protein. Strict ____ control and low ____ index. Stability and ____ of daily calorie intake.

A

high
CHO - (CHO group: 60% of energy as carbohydrates, 12% protein, 28% fat)
glycemic
predictability

31
Q

What does non-allergenic mean?

A

proteins are hydrolyzed (broken down chemically) to such an extent that peptides and amino acids are available
Any intact, potentially immunogenic proteins are not present
Therefore, antigenicity cannot occur

32
Q

What are the are the top offenders in K9 food intolerance?

A

dairy, wheat (pollen), and soy

33
Q

In allergen ID what works best blood testing or skin testing?

A

skin testing

34
Q

When testing for allergens with food, how long should you try the food to test for allergens?

A

when suspecting food sensitivities- transition to new food source and feed new diet exclusively for 6 weeks - document progress

35
Q

A leision scale does what?

A

measures the size of the leision

36
Q

What is novel protein?

A

a changed, but intact protein from the common meats, grains, and vegetables
(Concept: immune system is naive to new antigens)

37
Q

What are limited ingredients?

A

highly restricted sources of novel but intact proteins sources

38
Q

What does it mean that protein hydrolysis creates hydrolysates?

A

a process to “tear down” intact proteins into fragments that eliminate or reduce antigenicity (peptides and AA’s aren’t recognized antigens) - cannot be immunogenic

39
Q

What is a dalton?

A

chemists way of describing weight of intact protein

40
Q

Feline hyperthyroidism?

A

Iodine 131 radioactive Isotype

y/d

41
Q

What are some nutritionally related issues in cancer patients?

A

alterations in smell or taste, constipation, anorexia or decreased appetite, food aversions, and nausea and vomiting
Also stomatitis, glossitis,and pharyngitis

42
Q

Tumor cells like?

A

carbs

43
Q

What are some objectives during Cancer Rx?

A

avoid excess carbs, high proportion of energy from fats (Omega6:Omega 3 as close to 1:1 as possibe, DHA and EPA are items to look for, Hi quality protein at 40% of ME with supplemental arginine

44
Q

Food for cancer patients?

A

n/d

45
Q

What is h/d used for?

A

extreme salt restriction with enhanced carnitine and taurine

designed to help with toxicity of concurrent chemotherapy

46
Q

What is u/d?

A

ultra low purine and ultra low nucleic acids

Nutrition - Vic (8 decks)

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