week 7 Flashcards
What is urine alkalization?
- combats systemic acidosis
- stones are prevented from forming in alkaline urine (oxalate, cysteine, and urate uroliths)
System ____ becomes a major component of renal failure
acidosis
What kind of therapy can be done that is against acidosis?
adding buffers
What is an alkaline precursor?
Lactated Ringers because it contains sodium lactate
gluconates (granular powdery salt) and lactates are?
biocarbonates
How can you stop the progression of nephron death?
control of inflammation in the nephrons
limit quantity of protein but increase protein BV
provide high energy denisty and high intake of N-3 FA’s (fish oils: krill oil; flaxseed oils
Strictly limit phosphorus intake; reduce control sodium
control acidemia
What should the specific gravity for urine be in dogs?
1060
What should the specific gravity for urine be in cats?
1070
What % is renal failure?
66%
What is the objective of using very high levels of N-3 Omega fatty acids in the ongoing management of chronic progression of renal disease?
to inhibit inflammation
What does it mean to take renal “workload” to a bare minimum?
highly restricted nitrogen and phosphorus intakes (systemic alkalization)
control nucleic acids
food is adjunctive to other medical therapy
(insufficiency failure - kidney)
What breed is susceptible to chronic cholangiohepatitis?
Dobermans
What is cholangiohepatitis?
inflammation of the liver - begins to scar
What breed is susceptible to Copper Storage hepatopathy?
Belington Terrier
What is the human equivalent to Copper storage hepatopathy?
Wilson’s Disease
What is a multimodal approach to arthrosis (also known as osteoarthritis, is a joint disease caused by chronic wear of cartilage?
exercise
physical therapy
antiinflammatory drug
weight loss can help
What are some ways to help obesity?
weight loss prevention of weight re-gain realistic, scientifically sound feeding programs foods and rate of loss profiles client education
What are some ways to motivate clients to help their pet lose weight?
show they a pound of lard (1 lb. of fat - 3500 calories)
Weight loss calculators?
body composition scoring
x-ray technique
BMI scale
What is a good weight loss plan?
old weight - desired weight = lbs to lose?
how many calories to lose if 1 lb of fat = 3500 Kcal?
old weight = 94 lbs
Desired weight = 80 lbs
14 lbs x 3500 = 49,000 Kcal ME
How do you find new caloric number?
RER @ desired weight = Kcal per day to feed
ex: RER for 36 Kilograms = 30 (36) + 70 = 1080
Pick a food and obtain caloric denisity for food dose
Calories/Caloric density = Volume to feed
Move to feeding multiple times per day if possible
Reason: Thermic Effect of Digestion
Calories to lose/calorie deficit per day = days to goal
What does it mean when they say to use weight loss foods?
reduce calories without reducing nutrients or nutrition - emphasize higher protein and fiber intake along with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and i-carnitine
What are some science diet weight loss foods?
m/d, r/d`
What is a science diet food that helps with post loss calorie control?
w/d - formulated with insoluble bran
What breed has a weight control problem which owner’s need to watch?
Corgi’s
What is metabolic management?
Pre diabetes (metabolic syndrom) or diabetes
Strategies to control CHO’s and bursts of blodd glucose
Glycemic Index - how quickly a food releases surgars
Glycemic load liver - How much CHO/s from a meal
What is the glycemic Index?
how quickly a food releases surgars
What is Glycemic load liver?
How much CHO/s from a meal
What science prescription diet is for diabetes?
w/d
In diabetic situations the objective is ___ % of calories from protein. Strict ____ control and low ____ index. Stability and ____ of daily calorie intake.
high
CHO - (CHO group: 60% of energy as carbohydrates, 12% protein, 28% fat)
glycemic
predictability
What does non-allergenic mean?
proteins are hydrolyzed (broken down chemically) to such an extent that peptides and amino acids are available
Any intact, potentially immunogenic proteins are not present
Therefore, antigenicity cannot occur
What are the are the top offenders in K9 food intolerance?
dairy, wheat (pollen), and soy
In allergen ID what works best blood testing or skin testing?
skin testing
When testing for allergens with food, how long should you try the food to test for allergens?
when suspecting food sensitivities- transition to new food source and feed new diet exclusively for 6 weeks - document progress
A leision scale does what?
measures the size of the leision
What is novel protein?
a changed, but intact protein from the common meats, grains, and vegetables
(Concept: immune system is naive to new antigens)
What are limited ingredients?
highly restricted sources of novel but intact proteins sources
What does it mean that protein hydrolysis creates hydrolysates?
a process to “tear down” intact proteins into fragments that eliminate or reduce antigenicity (peptides and AA’s aren’t recognized antigens) - cannot be immunogenic
What is a dalton?
chemists way of describing weight of intact protein
Feline hyperthyroidism?
Iodine 131 radioactive Isotype
y/d
What are some nutritionally related issues in cancer patients?
alterations in smell or taste, constipation, anorexia or decreased appetite, food aversions, and nausea and vomiting
Also stomatitis, glossitis,and pharyngitis
Tumor cells like?
carbs
What are some objectives during Cancer Rx?
avoid excess carbs, high proportion of energy from fats (Omega6:Omega 3 as close to 1:1 as possibe, DHA and EPA are items to look for, Hi quality protein at 40% of ME with supplemental arginine
Food for cancer patients?
n/d
What is h/d used for?
extreme salt restriction with enhanced carnitine and taurine
designed to help with toxicity of concurrent chemotherapy
What is u/d?
ultra low purine and ultra low nucleic acids
