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Nutrition - Vic > Equine Nutrition Ch 10 > Flashcards

Equine Nutrition Ch 10 Flashcards

1
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 1?

A

emaciated

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2
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 2?

A

very thin

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3
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 3?

A

thin

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4
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 4?

A

Lean

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5
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 5?

A

Moderate

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6
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 6?

A

Moderate Fleshy

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7
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 7?

A

Fleshy

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8
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 8?

A

Fat

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9
Q

On the 1 - 9 BCS - what is a 9?

A

obese

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10
Q

How do you estimate weight with a horse?

A

horse tape -girth of horse - right behind withers (inches and lbs)

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11
Q

How do you measure horses weight using ballpark estimates - for a average horse of light breed?

A

1100 lbs

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12
Q

How do you measure horses weight using ballpark estimates - for a small horse of light breed?

A

880 lbs

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13
Q

How do you measure horses weight using ballpark estimates - for a large horse of light breed?

A

1320 lbs

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14
Q

What does MNR stand for?

A

maintenance nutrient requirements

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15
Q

What is MNR?

A

the levels of nutrients needed to sustain body weight without gain or loss (minimum level of dietary need).

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16
Q

What are the elements that can influence nutrient requirements of livestock?

A

body size, health status, stress, environment, exercise, behavior, genetics, reproductive status, gender, breed

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17
Q

When assessing a pasture what should a technician look for?

A
  • species of grass or legume/grass mixture - is there consideration for regional/seasonal concerns
  • are there weeds - some are toxic
  • height of grass - irrigation present
  • density of grass
  • animal density per acre?
  • is grass green or brown, moist or dry? beta carotene content - precursor for vit. K
  • exposed areas of dirt and sand
  • grazed or overgrazed
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18
Q

What is an example of good pasture?

A

no exposed dirt, able to bite stems at top, evidence of animal rotation, species such as MaxQ- which minimizes fescue toxicity
- pasture management for parasites ?

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19
Q

What is an example of poor pasture?

A

nothing to eat, overgrazed, no rotation, high weeds, toxic weeds, sand, hoof marks, brown and dry

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20
Q

What is digestion?

A

the process of protein, carbohydrate, and fat breakdown into absorbable nutrients

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21
Q

How is digestion accomplished by?

A

chemical, enzymatic, microbial, and physical methods

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22
Q

What is of primary importance when ingredients are chosen for feeding farm animals?

A

the quality, quantity, and cost of nutrients that can be provided by the feedstuff

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23
Q

What is the principle constituent of organs and soft tissues?

A

protein

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24
Q

What do amino acids consist of?

A

nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur

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25
Q

What is a common component of plants, and the highest concentration found in the seed and leafy portions?

A

protein

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26
Q

What has more energy per gram than all other nutrients?

A

fat

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27
Q

What is the primary energy source in livestock rations?

A

carbohydrates

28
Q

What hays have about double the energy protein and mineral content?

A

legumes (alfalfa and clover)

29
Q

What is the ideal age of hay?

A

less than 2 years old

30
Q

What cutting of hay is the best?

A

second to 4th cycle

31
Q

What ratio of leaves and stems do you want in hay?

A

more leaves than stems

32
Q

What can affect the hay quality?

A

sun and rain, dust and molds

33
Q

What is quantitative analysis?

A

a sample that is sent to a lab to find out what is in the hay

34
Q

Flowers on alfalfa means what?

A

that it is more mature - not as nutritious as younger hay

35
Q

What are hay probe cores used for?

A

lab analysis such as the percentage of protein - minimum is 16%

36
Q

What is the largest function of feed?

A

to provide energy for body processes

37
Q

What are all of the different measures of feed energy value?

A

Total digestible nutrients (TDN), gross energy (GE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE)

38
Q

What is TDN?

A

a general measure of the nutritive value of a feed

39
Q

What is GE?

A

the total energy potentially available in a feed consumed by an animal

40
Q

What is DE?

A

during digestion and absorption, a portion of the GE escapes the body in the form of undigested food residue in the feces. Subtraction of energy lost in the feces from consumed GE reveals energy that was digested and absorbed

41
Q

What is ME?

A

Energy that that is digested and absorbed by the body is not used with 100% efficiency; a portion of the absorbed energy is lost in the urine and as combustible gases - accounting for these energy losses leads to ME

42
Q

What is NE?

A

represents the actual portion of energy available to the animal for use in maintaining body tissues or during pregnancy or lactation

43
Q

Minerals are divided into 2 categories?

A

macrominerals and microminerals

44
Q

What are examples of macrominerals?

A

Na, CL, K (potassium), P (phosphorus), Mg, Ca, S (sulfur)

45
Q

What are some examples of microminerals?

A

Zn (zinc), Se (selenium), Mn (Manganese), I (Iodine), F (Fluorine), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), Fe (iron), Si (silcon), Mo (Molybdenum), Co (Cobalt)

46
Q

Proteins of animal origin have greater ____ _____ than do proteins of plant origin

A

biological value

47
Q

The ___ the biological value, the better the protein used for productive purposes.

A

higher

48
Q

Protein quality is also measured as the ___ ____ ___ ?

A

protein efficiency ratio

49
Q

What is protein efficiency ratio?

A

the number of grams of body weight gained per unit of protein consumed

50
Q

The quality of protein depends on?

A

disallowing overprocessing of feed and overheating in storage, and on the form of the feed

51
Q

When horses don’t get roughages, what can happen?

A

stall vices such as cribbing

52
Q

What is the best grain for lactating and working horses?

A

oats

53
Q

What is the more nutritional oat?

A

crimped and rolled oats

54
Q

What does alfalfa have too little of and too much of?

A

calcium

phosphorus

55
Q

What does an instrument measure in corn?

A

moisture

56
Q

What can grain overload cause?

A

laminitis

57
Q

What is the normal recommendation for salt?

A

0.5 - 1% NaCL - requirement varies due to heavy sweating

58
Q

What is the calcium and phosphorus need ratio?

A

1:1 - absolute quantity of each is important for balance against DE

59
Q

Forages (esp legumes) have high?

A

calcium

60
Q

When feeding legumes supplement with?

A

calcium and phorphous

61
Q

For body score problems, you can use what to verify food volume against weight?

A

get food scale and digital weigh-er (food scoop)

62
Q

How much should you feed a horse?

A

maintenance 18.5 lbs of dry matter

  • shoot for 70% forage < 30% concentrates
  • legumes or grass 70%
  • increase by 30% for cold, wind and wet
    • 150 to200% of maintenance for heavier work
63
Q

How much should you feed a horse that is at last 90 days of getation?

A

19 lbs of dry matter

64
Q

How much should you feed a horse that is at early lacation (0-12 weeks)?

A

28.5 lbs

65
Q

How much should you feed a horse that is at lactation (3 months till weaning)

A

25 lbs

66
Q

What are the extra nutrients needed for lactation and foal growth

A
  • mare and foal require more energy, protein and calcium
  • Ca:P ratio can go up to 6:1 for foal growth
  • can substitute alfalfa for grass hay
  • add concentrate
  • watch for overnutrition with can lead to orthopedic disorders
67
Q

What is creep feeding for foal?

A

contraptions where the foal can eat but the mare can’t

Nutrition - Vic (8 decks)

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