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Nutrition - Vic > From Lecture > Flashcards

From Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition is?

A

the process of breaking down food and substances taken in by mouth to use for energy in body

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2
Q

Clinical nutritionists are?

A

health professionals who focus on the role of nutrition in chronic disease (prevention/remediation) (nutrition deficiencies before drugs and drugs before surgery)

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3
Q

Malnutrition can come from?

A

poor nutrition choices (deficiencies), food additions, overfeeding and excesses. Also, cachexia (body wasting away)

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4
Q

Catabolism?

A

process of body destroying itself

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5
Q

What is energy density in foods?

A

refers to the kcal per unit of a food ingredient or pet food (expressed as kcal/kg meaning for every 1 kg of pet food, a specific number of calories can be used by the animal (ME))

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6
Q

What is the usual measure of energy?

A

kilocalorie

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7
Q

One calorie is defined as?

A

the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5 degree celcius to 15.5 degrees celcius

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8
Q

1 kcal =?

A

1000 calories

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9
Q

order of nutrient importance?

A

water, carbs, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins

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10
Q

What are the 3 nutrient categories that provide energy?

A

protein, carbohydrates, and lipids

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11
Q

Proteins contain what?

A

complex polymers of 22 amino acid units

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12
Q

Carbohydrates are?

A

complex polymers of several different sugar units

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13
Q

Lipids are?

A

complex polymers of fatty acid units

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14
Q

biological value?

A

theoretical perfect protein source (100 therapeutic number ) higher BV numbers have fewer “holes and gaps” in their essential amino acid profiles (eggs have BV = 94)

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15
Q

Low digestibility means?

A

a larger proportion of dietary protein is excreted

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16
Q

Metabolized energy?

A

the most common estimate of how much energy (kcal) is supplied by pet food

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17
Q

Atwater factors?

A

modified factors used to estimate the energy density (caloric content) of pet food and to determine how much energy is provided by protein, fat, and carbohydrate by percentage

18
Q

On average, dry dog foods contain ____ kcal/kg and dry cat foods contain ___?

A

3500

4000

19
Q

A higher energy density pet food can be fed at what stages in a pet’s life?

A

growth, reproduction or performance

20
Q

Lower density pet foods should be fed to?

A

overweight or obese animals

21
Q

What is the goal of protein digestion?

A

present small peptides and free amino acids to the brush border of the SI mucosa for absorption

22
Q

What is protein quantity?

A

measured content of total nitrogen via chemical analysis

23
Q

What is protein quality?

A

depends on distribution profile of essential vs. nonessential amino acids

24
Q

synergism?

A

when one ingredient offsets the limiting AA of another ingredient

25
Q

Net NB is?

normal state of healthy animal?

A

the differences between amount consumed and the amount lost

0

26
Q

positve NB =

A

growth, rebuilding or replenishing

27
Q

Negative NB =

A

no protein intake or loss of tissue ?

the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body is greater than the amount of nitrogen ingested

28
Q

What is clinical relevance?

A

Cachexia is tissue wasting and is associated with an extreme negative nitrogen balance

29
Q

What are the key characteristics of lipids?

A

numbers of fatty acids/lipid molecule, degree of hydrogen saturation, length of fatty acid chains

30
Q

Saturated means?

A

no bond

31
Q

monounsaturated means?

A

1 bond

32
Q

polyunsaturated?

A

greater than 1 bond

33
Q

What are 3 dietary monosaccharides (simple sugars?

A

glucose, fructose and galactose

34
Q

___ acid is an essential amino acid for cats and is added to most cat foods. It is considered ____ or ___ essential for dogs.

A

Taurine

nonessential or conditionally

35
Q

Starch = ?

A

sugars combined into short, digestible polymers

36
Q

glycemic index?

A

The glycemic index (GI) is a ranking of carbohydrates on a scale from 0 to 100 according to the extent to which they raise blood sugar levels after eating.

37
Q

Foods with a high GI are those which are?

A

rapidly digested and absorbed and result in marked fluctuations in blood sugar levels.

38
Q

Low-GI foods, by virtue of their slow digestion and absorption, produce?

A

gradual rises in blood sugar and insulin levels, and have proven benefits for health.

39
Q

CHO stands for?

A

chemical formula for carbohydrates, hydrogen, oxygen = simple sugars

40
Q

Fibers are?

A

complex CHOs that cannot be digested by mammalian enzymes but are a part of pet nutrition (soluble and insoluble)

41
Q

percentages of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and other nutrients may be express on an?

A

as-fed, dry matter, or metabolizable energy basis (not interchangeable)

Nutrition - Vic (8 decks)

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