Week 7 Flashcards
________________ is the collapse of a lung or lobe
Atelectasis
Pulmonary Edema occurs acutely as a result of ______________?
Heart failure
Frothy and blood-tinged sputum is a sign of?
Pulmonary edema
______________ is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that happens when you’re lying on your back
Orthopnea (or-thaap-nee-uh)
For pulmonary edema, __________ are used to improve contractility and when clients can’t tolerate reduction in BP
Inotropes
_________________ is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma
caused by a microbial agent
Pneumonia
__________ is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways
Asthma
_____________ is when you have too much carbon dioxide in your blood.
Hypercapnia
_____________________ is a measurement of how much air a person can forcefully exhale in one breath
Peak expiratory flow (PEF)
Pulmonary edema occurs acutely as a result of what condition?
Heart failure
Name some manifestations of pulmonary edema?
Respiratory distress
Air hunger
Central cyanosis
Agitated and anxious
Frothy and blood-tinged sputum
Confusion
Orthopnea
Inability to speak in full sentences
Frothy and blood-tinged sputum is associated with what kind of respiratory disease?
Pulmonary edema
What are some nursing Assessment & Diagnostic Investigation the nurse will preform for pulmonary edema?
Fluid balance
Chest x-ray
Peripheral edema
Vital signs
Level of consciousness (LOC)
Precipitating factors
What are some examples of nursing diagnosis for pulmonary edema?
Excess fluid volume
Tissue perfusion, pulmonary
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired gas exchange
Anxiety
Impaired verbal
communication
What are (5) medications used for pulmonary edema?
Lasix (onset 20 mins, pulmonary
edema not always a result of
fluid overload)
Inotropes to improve
contractility and when clients
can’t tolerate reduction in BP
Vasodilators: Nitroglycerine
Oxygen therapy
Morphine
Nursing Interventions for pulmonary edema?
Monitor pulse oximetry & respirations
Auscultate breath sounds
Administer oxygen
High fowlers
Monitor weight; I/O (catheterize)
Vital signs and ECG
Administer medications, monitor results
Pace activities
Monitor for restlessness, anxiety, and work of breathing
What are manifestations of pneumonia?
- High fever, chills, diaphoresis
- Chest discomfort
- Nonproductive cough
- Nausea and vomiting
- Crackles on auscultation
- Dyspnea, tachypnea, orthopnea
- O2 sat may be normal or low
- lethargy, changes in mental status
A nonproductive cough is AKA?
A dry cough
Manifestations of pneumonia for severe cases? (2)
- Flushed cheeks
- central cyanosis of lips and nail beds
What are Diagnostic Tests for pneumonia?
History
Physical examination
Chest x-ray
Sputum culture and
sensitivity
Gram stain of sputum
Pulse oximetry or ABGs
(7) Pneumonia Complications
- Unresolved pneumonia
- Respiratory failure
- Pleural effusion
- Confusion
- Sepsis/ shock
- Atelectasis
- Death
Pneumonia nursing Interventions include?
Monitor resp and O2 Sats status
- Auscultate breath sounds
- Humidification may be used to loosen secretions
- Coughing techniques
- Position to maximize resp efforts
- Chest physiotherapy
- Incentive spirometry
- Suctioning if needed
- Teach nutrition, hygiene, rest, regular exercise to maintain natural resistance
- Prompt treatment of URIs
What are (2) key things that happen with asthma?
- bronchoconstriction
- wet & mucus filled bronchi
What respiratory disease affects just the bronchi?
Asthma
