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Week 13 Flashcards

Ortho

1
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

A degenerative joint disease characterized by the deterioration of cartilage.

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2
Q

What is the most common chronic condition of the joints?

A

Osteoarthritis (OA).

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3
Q

At what age does osteoarthritis typically onset?

A

In the 30s, peaking in the 50s to 60s.

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4
Q

What percentage of people aged 75 and older have evidence of OA?

A

85%.

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5
Q

What are the primary joints affected by osteoarthritis?

A

Weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees, hands, and spine.

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6
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Primary OA has no prior related event, while secondary OA follows a previous joint injury or inflammatory disease.

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7
Q

What are common risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?

A

Older age, gender, obesity, previous joint injuries, and genetic factors.

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8
Q

What is the typical duration of stiffness in osteoarthritis?

A

Usually lasts 30 minutes or less.

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9
Q

What is crepitus in the context of osteoarthritis?

A

A grating sensation or sound in the joint during movement.

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10
Q

What type of pain is associated with osteoarthritis?

A

Pain can range from mild discomfort to significant disability.

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11
Q

What diagnostic studies are used for osteoarthritis?

A

Bone scans, CT, MRI, radiological studies, and synovial fluid analysis.

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12
Q

What is the goal of nursing management for osteoarthritis?

A

To maintain or improve joint function and manage pain.

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13
Q

What pharmacological treatments are commonly used for osteoarthritis?

A

NSAIDs, salicylates, topical analgesics, and corticosteroids.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of joint protection measures in osteoarthritis management?

A

To improve activity tolerance and prevent further joint damage.

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15
Q

What is the role of community education in osteoarthritis prevention?

A

To focus on altering modifiable risk factors.

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16
Q

What type of disease is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

A chronic, systemic autoimmune disease.

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17
Q

At what age does rheumatoid arthritis typically peak?

A

Between 30 and 50 years of age.

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18
Q

How many Canadians are estimated to be affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Approximately 300,000.

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19
Q

Which gender is more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis?

A

women.

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20
Q

What are common systemic symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Fever, weight loss, fatigue, and anemia.

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21
Q

What joints are primarily affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Small joints first, then larger joints.

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22
Q

What is a classic sign of rheumatoid arthritis during a physical examination?

A

Spongy or boggy tissue upon palpation of joints.

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23
Q

What is the significance of rheumatoid nodules?

A

They are associated with advanced, destructive rheumatoid arthritis.

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24
Q

What laboratory tests are used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Positive RF, ANA titres, anti-citrullinated protein antibody, and synovial fluid analysis.

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25
What is the primary goal of interprofessional care for rheumatoid arthritis?
To control symptoms and slow joint destruction.
26
What medications are commonly used in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis?
NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and antirheumatic agents like Methotrexate.
27
What dietary recommendations are suggested for rheumatoid arthritis patients?
A balanced diet with anti-inflammatory foods like fish, berries, and leafy greens.
28
What is the role of occupational therapy in rheumatoid arthritis management?
To assist with range of motion, joint protection, and muscle strengthening.
29
What are the nursing diagnoses associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
Acute/chronic pain, fatigue, impaired physical mobility, and disturbed sleep patterns.
30
What is the importance of patient education in managing rheumatoid arthritis?
To promote symptom recognition and adherence to treatment plans.
31
What is osteoporosis often referred to as?
The "silent disease."
32
What is the primary cause of osteoporosis?
The rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation.
33
What percentage of women and men in Canada are affected by osteoporosis?
1 in 4 women and 1 in 8 men.
34
What is a common consequence of osteoporosis?
Fragility fractures.
35
What diagnostic tool is recommended for assessing bone mineral density?
DEXA scan.
36
What is the recommended daily calcium intake for adults over 50?
800 to 2000 IU of vitamin D.
37
What lifestyle changes can help manage osteoporosis?
Weight-bearing exercises, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and fall reduction strategies.
38
What are common medications used to treat osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs).
39
What is the FRAX tool used for?
To assess fracture risk in individuals.
40
What are the signs of a vertebral fracture due to osteoporosis?
Height loss and back pain.
41
What is a fracture?
A disruption in the continuity of bone.
42
What are the two main classifications of fractures?
Complete and incomplete fractures.
43
What is the difference between a closed and an open fracture?
Closed fractures do not break the skin, while open fractures do.
44
What are common complications associated with fractures?
Infection, blood vessel damage, and compartment syndrome.
45
What is the primary goal of fracture treatment?
Anatomical realignment of bone fragments.
46
What is the purpose of traction in fracture management?
To immobilize the joint and reduce muscle spasms.
47
What is the initial treatment for a suspected fracture?
Ensure airway, breathing, and circulation, control bleeding, and immobilize the fracture.
48
What are the signs of compartment syndrome?
Deep throbbing pain, pallor, paresthesia, and weak pulses.
49
What is the role of external fixation in fracture management?
To hold fracture fragments in place when casting is not appropriate.
50
What is the importance of nutrition in fracture healing?
Adequate protein, vitamins, and minerals are essential for recovery.
51
What is the impact of arthritis on quality of life?
It can significantly impair functional status and daily activities.
52
What are common non-pharmacological strategies for managing arthritis pain?
Physical therapy, exercise, and heat/cold therapy.
53
What is the role of corticosteroids in arthritis management?
To reduce inflammation and manage pain through intra-articular injections.
54
What is the significance of early diagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis?
Early treatment can control symptoms and slow joint destruction.
55
What lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis?
Obesity, strenuous activities, and previous joint injuries.
56
What is the primary focus of nursing management for patients with arthritis?
Pain management and maintaining joint function.
57
What is the role of synovial fluid in joints?
It lubricates the joint and reduces friction.
58
How does obesity affect osteoarthritis?
Extra weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints.
59
What is the purpose of joint splints in osteoarthritis management?
To protect joints and improve activity tolerance.
60
What are the common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
Joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness.
61
What is the significance of patient and caregiver education in arthritis management?
It empowers them to manage symptoms and adhere to treatment plans.
62
What is the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on the immune system?
It causes the immune system to attack the synovial tissue.
63
What are the common surgical interventions for severe osteoarthritis?
Osteotomy and arthroplasty (joint replacement).
64
What is the role of physical therapy in managing arthritis?
To improve mobility, strength, and joint function.
65
How can patients with arthritis manage their symptoms at home?
Through exercise, weight management, and using assistive devices.
66
What is the importance of regular follow-up for arthritis patients?
To monitor disease progression and adjust treatment as needed.
67
What is the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease?
RA increases the risk of cardiovascular disease due to systemic inflammation.
68
What are the common side effects of NSAIDs?
Gastrointestinal issues, kidney problems, and increased bleeding risk.
69
What is the purpose of a bone density test?
To assess the strength and density of bones to diagnose osteoporosis.
70
How does rheumatoid arthritis differ from osteoarthritis?
RA is an autoimmune disease affecting the entire body, while OA is a degenerative joint disease.
71
What is the significance of maintaining a healthy weight for arthritis patients?
It reduces stress on joints and can alleviate symptoms.
72
What are the common signs of a fracture?
Pain, swelling, deformity, and inability to use the affected limb.
73
What is the role of vitamin D in bone health?
It aids in calcium absorption and bone mineralization.
74
What are the potential complications of untreated osteoporosis?
Increased risk of fractures and significant height loss.
75
What is the purpose of using assistive devices for arthritis patients?
To enhance mobility and reduce strain on affected joints.
76
How can heat and cold therapy benefit arthritis patients?
Heat can relax muscles, while cold can reduce inflammation and numb pain.
77
What is the role of community support in managing arthritis?
It provides resources, education, and emotional support for patients.
78
What lifestyle modifications can help prevent osteoporosis?
Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol.
79
What is the impact of arthritis on mental health?
It can lead to depression and anxiety due to chronic pain and disability.
80
What are the common types of fractures?
Transverse, oblique, spiral, and comminuted fractures.
81
What is the importance of hydration in fracture recovery?
It supports overall health and aids in the healing process.
82
How can patients with arthritis manage fatigue?
Through balanced activity, rest, and stress management techniques.
83
What is the significance of early intervention in osteoarthritis?
It can slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
84
What are the common surgical options for rheumatoid arthritis?
Synovectomy and joint replacement surgeries.
85
How does physical activity benefit arthritis patients?
It improves joint function, reduces stiffness, and enhances overall well-being
86
What is the role of family support in managing chronic arthritis?
It provides emotional and practical assistance in daily activities.
87
What are the signs of an acute exacerbation in rheumatoid arthritis?
Increased joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
88
What is the purpose of joint injections in arthritis treatment?
To deliver anti-inflammatory medication directly to the affected joint.
89
What are the common barriers to effective arthritis management?
Lack of education, access to care, and financial constraints.
90
How can technology assist arthritis patients?
Through apps for tracking symptoms, medication reminders, and telehealth services
91
What are the long-term effects of untreated rheumatoid arthritis?
Joint damage, disability, and increased risk of comorbidities
92
What is the significance of regular physical exams for arthritis patients?
To monitor disease progression and adjust treatment plans accordingly.
93
What is the overall goal of arthritis management?
To reduce pain, maintain function, and improve quality of life.

Theory 2 (13 decks)

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