Week 4

Question 1

_______________________ is a type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Coronary artery disease

Question 2

________________________ is the major cause of CAD. The disease starts as soft deposits of fat that harden with age

Answer 2

Atherosclerosis

Question 3

_________________ is sustained elevation of systemic arterial BP

Answer 3

Hypertension (HTN)

Question 4

Hypertension is defined as a systolic
blood pressure (SBP) equal to or greater than ____ mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) equal to or greater than ___ mmHg.

Answer 4

1. 140 mmHg
2. 90 mmHg

Question 5

_______________ (cardiac specific) are contractile proteins that are released after MI

Answer 5

Troponin

Question 6

_______________ is a type of X-ray used to check blood vessels.

Blood vessels do not show clearly on a normal X-ray, so a special dye called a contrast agent needs to be injected into your blood first.

Answer 6

Angiography

Question 7

______________ is a procedure used to open blocked coronary arteries caused by coronary artery disease.

It restores blood flow to the heart muscle without open-heart surgery.

Answer 7

Angioplasty

Question 8

_______________ is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat (irregular)

Answer 8

Arrythmia

Question 9

___________________ is surgery to treat coronary artery disease.

It helps blood make a detour, or bypass, around one or more narrowed or blocked coronary arteries

Answer 9

Bypass surgery

Question 10

_______________________ is a procedure in which a catheter is moved through a blood vessel to the heart in order to better diagnose heart conditions.

Answer 10

Cardiac catheterization

Question 11

_____ is a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body

Answer 11

Graft

Question 12

_________________ (high cholesterol) is a common problem with fats building up in your arteries

Answer 12

Hyperlipidemia

Question 13

_____________ is a condition where you have too much fluid volume in your body

Answer 13

Hypervolemia AKA fluid overload

Question 14

An _______________ is a complete or partial blockage of a blood vessel

Answer 14

occlusion

Question 15

________________ are sensations that the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering or skipping a beat,

Answer 15

Palpitations

Question 16

Pitting edema is commonly caused by ___________________ or _______________?

Answer 16

1. poor circulation
2. The retention of excess fluids

Question 17

________ is a sudden involuntary muscular contraction or convulsive movement.

Answer 17

Spasm

Question 18

_________________ occurs when the aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally

Answer 18

Aortic stenosis

Question 19

A _____ is a small mesh tube typically used to hold open passages in the body, such as weak or narrowed blood vessels.

They are often used to treat narrowing in the coronary arteries, which provide the heart with oxygen-rich blood

Answer 19

Stent

Question 20

A blood clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel or in the heart when blood platelets, proteins, and cells stick together is known as a ____________?

Answer 20

Thrombus

Question 21

_______________ uses medications or a minimally invasive procedure to break up blood clots and prevent new clots from forming

Answer 21

Thrombolysis (AKA fibrinolytic therapy)

Question 22

_____________ injury and ______________
play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis.

Answer 22

1. Endothelial
2. Inflammation

Question 23

________ are a group of medicines that can help lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood

Answer 23

Statins

Question 24

Hypertension causes ___________ & loss of ___________ of arterial vessel walls causes the heart to pump against greater resistance.

Eventually blood flow to vital organs decreases

Answer 24

1. thickening
2. elasticity

Question 25

Diagnosis of HTN made when confirmed by at least __ subsequent readings

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Hypertension priority interventions include?

Answer 26

- Health promotion -> Lifestyle changes - Medication

Question 27

_________ is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 27

Angina

Question 28

Angina is a temporary imbalance between ___________ supply & demand

Answer 28

Oxygen

Question 29

Factors Precipitating Angina (4):

Answer 29

◦ Physical exertion ◦ Temperature extremes ◦ Consumption of a heavy meal ◦ Strong emotions

Question 30

Angina chest pain duration: ______ min

Answer 30

3-5 min

Question 31

What is a priority task for angina?

Answer 31

- Pain management

Question 32

Stable angina is relieved from _____?

Answer 32

Rest

Question 33

How is angina triggered?

Answer 33

Physical or emotional exertion

Question 34

What is MONA?

Answer 34

Morphine Oxygen Nitroglycerin Aspirin

Question 35

What does nitroglycerin do (2)?

Answer 35

Vasodilates and decreases blood pressure as a by product

Question 36

What happens if troponin levels are high?

Answer 36

High levels of troponin in your blood indicate that your heart muscle has been damaged

Question 37

Chest pain that is new in onset, occurs at rest, or has a worsening pattern is known to be ________________?

Answer 37

Unstable angina

Question 38

Does temperature extremes and eating a heavy meal impact stable angina?

Answer 38

Yes!

Question 39

A ________________________ occurs as a result of sustained ischemia, causing irreversible myocardial cell death

Answer 39

myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 40

_________________ is an abnormal condition involving impaired cardiac pumping/filling

Answer 40

Heart failure

Question 41

In heart failure, the heart is unable to produce an adequate ___________________to meet metabolic needs

Answer 41

cardiac output (CO)

Question 42

In heart failure, blood flow out of the heart slows causing blood __________ to the heart through the veins backs up, causing ___________ in the tissues

Answer 42

1. return 2. congestion

Question 43

When the heart cannot eject sufficient amounts of blood, and blood backs up in the venous system is a symptom of left or right sided heart failure?

Answer 43

Right sided

Question 44

_____________ and ____________ are the primary risk factors for HF.

Answer 44

CAD and hypertension

Question 45

When the heart cannot pump blood effectively to the systemic circulation. Pulmonary venous pressures increase, resulting in pulmonary congestion. Is this left or right sided heart failure?

Answer 45

Left sided

Question 46

In acute heart failure (pulmonary edema), pressure increases in the pulmonary vasculature, (heart and lungs) causing fluid to move out of the pulmonary ____________ and into the ____________ space of the lungs and alveoli

Answer 46

1. capillaries 2. interstitial This results in hypoxemia

Question 47

______________ is when oxygen levels in the blood are lower than normal

Answer 47

Hypoxemia

Question 48

Should fluid and sodium diet restriction occur with heart failure?

Answer 48

Yes