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Psychopathology > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What do we see in PTSD

A

we see symptoms in intrusion, avoidance, negative mood, and arousal; a qualifying trauma (witness close friend or family, repeated exposure)

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2
Q

Intrusion

A

recurrent memories or dreams, or dissociative reactions

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3
Q

Avoidance

A

avoiding memories, thoughts or feelings associated with the traumatic event, avoiding external reminders

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4
Q

what percentage of those with ASD will be diagnosed with PTSD?

A

50%

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5
Q

Negative alterations in cognition and mood

A

relate to not remembering negative memories, distorted thinking

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6
Q

Arousal/reactivity

A

anger outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, sleep disturbance, difficulty concentration

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7
Q

How long do symptoms present for to be PTSD

A

1 month

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8
Q

Differences between PTSD & ASD

A

same criteria but the duration of symptoms between the two and the reckless self destructive behavior

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9
Q

Acute in ASD

A

Symptoms present for 3 days or more but not more than 1 month

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10
Q

Acute comes in 3 forms

A
  1. no criteria met: 4% will develop PTSD
  2. full criteria met for ASD: 80% of individuals will develop PTSD
  3. Subclinical presentation– some criteria but not enough to get the diagnosis: 60% will develop PTSD
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11
Q

F43.10 PTSD Criteria

A

Criterion A: one or more of the following ways:
• Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s)
• Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurs to others
• Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
• Repeated or extreme indirect exposure to aversive details of the event(s), usually in the course of professional duties (e.g., first responders, collecting body parts; professionals repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse).
Criterion B: Presence of one (or more)
• Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories.
• Traumatic nightmares.
• Dissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks) Note: Children may reenact the event in play.
• Intense or prolonged distress to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s)
• Marked physiologic reactions to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s)
Criterion C: as evidenced by one or both of the following:
• Avoidance of, or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about, or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
• Avoidance of, or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event.
Criterion D: one or both of the following:
• Inability to recall key features of the traumatic event (usually dissociative amnesia; not due to head injury, alcohol or drugs).
• Persistent (and often distorted) negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world (e.g., “I am bad,” “The world is completely dangerous.”).
• Persistent distorted blame of self or others for causing the traumatic event or for resulting consequences.
• Persistent negative trauma-related emotions (e.g., fear, horror, anger, guilt or shame).
• Markedly diminished interest in (pre-traumatic) significant activities.
• Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others Persistent inability to experience positive emotions
• Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (e.g. inability to experience happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings.
Criterion E: by two (or more) of the following:
• Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation) typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects
• Self-destructive or reckless behavior.
• Hypervigilance.
• Exaggerated startle response.
• Problems in concentration.
• Sleep disturbance.
Criterion F: Persistence of symptoms (in Criteria B, C, D and E) for more than one month.
Criterion G: functional significance
Significant symptom-related distress or functional impairment (e.g., social, occupational).
Criterion H:
Disturbance is not due to medication, substance use, or other illness.
Specify if: With dissociative symptoms.

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12
Q

Depersonalization (PTSD)

A

experience of being an outside observer of or detached from oneself (feeling as if this is not happening to me, or was a dream)

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13
Q

Derealization (PTSD)

A

experience of unreality, distance, or distortion (things are not real)

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14
Q

When is the full diagnosis met for PTSD for delayed expression?

A

Not met until at least 6 months after the trauma, although onset of symptoms may occur immediately

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15
Q

What type of trauma do young children experience for PTSD?

A

abuse, witnessing interpersonal violence, motor vehicle accidents, dog bits, medical procedures

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16
Q

Comorbidity

A

associated with increased rates of affective disorders, anxiety disorders and substance abuse these may precede, follow or emerge with PTSD

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17
Q

Most people who have PTSD also have

A

a combined illicit-substance use problem

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18
Q

Suicide is higher in those who have

A

PTSD

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19
Q

Intrinsic processing

A

naturally and without therapy trauma “symptoms” may have the adaptive capacity of driving us toward recovery

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20
Q

Reexperiencing Trauma can result in

A

growth, in which PTSD represents symptoms that overwhelm this system and inhibit growth

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21
Q

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic nervous system

A

help you deal with activation of your fight or flight, your survival mechanisms

22
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

general alarm mechanism prepares the body to cope with emergencies: pupil dilation, increased sweating, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion stops, tunnel vision and hearing

23
Q

Within Sympathetic nervous system what happens to everything around us

A

anything that is not related to the threat will be tuned out

24
Q

Parasympathetic nervous sytem (parachute)

A

reestablishes equilibrium for rest and digestion, slows heart rate, increases intestinal/gland activity, relaxes gastro muscles

25
Q

Amygdala

A

stores memories of fear, helps get back to the baseline state

26
Q

Cortisol

A

“stress hormone”, always activating flight or fight responses,

27
Q

What does PTSD do with trauma

A

PTSD interrupts the normal return to baseline state

28
Q

Who maintains fight or flight state longer?

A

Males do

29
Q

Who takes longer to go back to baseline state or deregulate?

A

Men due because females have learned how to calm themselves down for the survival of their children

30
Q

PTSD symptoms

A

flashbacks, avoidance, hypervigilance, nightmares, re-experiencing phenomenon

31
Q

PTSD and diverse cultures

A

women and minorities have higher rates of PTSD because of more exposure to traumatic events

32
Q

Dissociation

A

common defensive response to ward off intensive affect in trauma

33
Q

Repression and dissociation?

A

both defenses that banish contents of the mind from awareness

34
Q

Psychodynamic does not have a good approach of what diagnosis?

A

PTSD

35
Q

PTSD subtypes

A

non-dissociative type and dissociative type

36
Q

non-dissociative type PTSD

A

emotional undermodulation, reexperiencing and hyperarousal represents failure of prefrontal inhibition (letting out the trauma)

37
Q

Dissociative

A

emotional overmodulation of limbic system (keeping trauma repressed)

38
Q

What type of treatment is needed with PTSD subtypes

A

mindfulness, groundfulness, help keep the person in the room when they are talking about the trauma

39
Q

Countertransference in trauma

A

shared helplessness, disbelief, rescuer, blaming the victim

40
Q

Schema theories of PTSD

A

People have a basic need to match trauma related information with their inner models based on old information this is through assimilation and accommodation (piaget)

41
Q

Assimilation

A

when you have your schema and you make the information fit your schema

42
Q

Accommodation

A

when your schema is changed to fit the information

43
Q

Either assimilation and accommodation leads to

A

some type of resolution

44
Q

Post traumatic growth (Tedeschi & Calhoun)

A

can be a positive outcome of a really horrible event, (ex: taken the trauma and turned it into activism)

45
Q

Resilience

A

the ability to recover readily from illness

45
Q

how do we get to the post traumatic growth?

A

based on supportive enviornment and beliefs as well as a life narrative looking at before and after

46
Q

how does post-traumatic growth relate to a adversity difficulty

A

transformative responses to adversity

47
Q

5 domains of post traumatic growth

A

spiritual development, personal strength, close relationships, greater appreciation for life, new possibilities (with PTSD these cannot happen)

48
Q

3 steps to projective identification

A

Step 1: projection: the patient projects internal objects
Step 2: identification. The patient still identifies with what is being projected but gets the person on whom they are projecting to behave as if the target person had those same introjects
Step 3: control (through their identification) the person attempts to control the object in order to prevent being attacked by the projection

49
Q

Are the steps in projective identification linear?

A

These aspects are not truly linear

50
Q

What is schema theory?

A

People mold memories to fit information that already exists in their minds

Psychopathology (6 decks)

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