week 7 Flashcards
What factors can contribute to the vulnerability pf psychological conditions?
- Genetic factors
- Biochemical factors
- Environmental factors
What are the different neurodevelopment disorders?
- intellectual disability
- communication disorders
- autism spectrum disorders
- ADHD
- Specific learning disorders
- Motor disorders
Describe intellectual disability.
- mild vs moderate vs severe vs profound
- Domains: conceptual, social, practical
Describe mild intellectual disability
- its INDISTINGUISHABLE from those with normal IQs
- Capable of ADLS
- Mid-elementary school level
Describe moderate intellectual disorder.
- Develops skills slowly
- 1st-3rd grade reading level
- difficulty interpreting social cues
- socially, intellectually slow
Describe severe intellectual disability
- Delayed/absent speech
- Require significant support
- Shortened life span
- Single words or gestures to communicate
- Can do things with prompting like getting dressed or eating
Describe profound intellectual disability
- Nonverbal
- Sensory and physical impairments
- constant supervision
- cannot read
- total care/need constant supervision
What are the different types of communication disorders?
- Language disorders
- Speech sound disorders
- Childhood-onset fluency disorder
- Social communication disorder
Describe language disorder.
Hard time joining words together
Describe speech sound disorders
-having a lisp
-cleft palate=difficulty of making certain sounds
Describe childhood-onset fluency disorder.
-Stuttering
-occurs before the age of 6
-anxiety based around this disorder
describe social communication disorder
socially awkward
What are communication disorders seen in conjunction with?
seen in conjunction with intellectual disabilities like autism
What are some characteristics of ADHD?
- Deficits in social and emotional interactions
- Repetitive patterns
- Strict routines
What are some repetitive patterns of ADHD?
- Stimming
- Perseveration
- Echolalia
What is stimming in ADHD?
Arm flapping
twirling their hands
repetitive tic
What is perseveration in ADHD?
so focused on one topic
they have profound knowledge on this one topic but delayed on other topics
What is echolalia in ADHD?
when they echo words
bathroom bathroom bathroom
What disturbances do those with autism spectrum disorders experience?
- sensory integration dysfunction
- sleep disorders
- Digestive disorders
- Feeding disorders
- epilepsy
- allergies
what is a co,,on morbidity of autism spectrum disorder?
epilepsy
What is sensory integration dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder?
Finding different things to touch
How many levels are in autism spectrum disorder?
3
Describe level one of autism spectrum disorder.
they are able to function but have social deficit
Describe level 2 of autism spectrum disorder.
- communication deficits
- Obvious repetitive behaviors
- Change causes distress
Describe level 3 in autism spectrum disorder.
- severe social deficits
- Limited communication/non-verbal
they do things like head banging
what med is usually given to someone who is a level 3 autism spectrum disorder?
Second gen antipsychotic
What are two learning disorders?
- Dyslexia
- Dyscalculia
What is the difference between dyslexia and dyscalculia?
dyslexia: difficulty reading, words look bunched together
dyscalculia: similar but more in reference to numbers
EX: difficult time reading dates, times, counting money
What are the different mood disorders?
- Developmental coordination disorder
- Tourettes disorder
What is developmental coordination disorder?
delayed coordination skills and hard time with hand writing skills
What is Tourettes disorder?
says random words, motor tics like random throat cleaning and does this during inappropriate times/situations
What are the different anxiety disorders?
- Separation anxiety disorder
- Selective mutism
- Specific phobias
What is separation anxiety disorder?
inappropriate fear of being of being separated from someone.
Worry about being kidapped or parent is going to die.
What is selective mutism?
not speaking a specific times
Do phobias stem from anxiety?
yes
What are some obsessive-compusive and related disorders?
- Trichotillmania
- Excoriation disorder
What is Trichotillomania?
Pulling or twisting of the hair
What is excoriation disorder?
skin picking
nail biting
can lead to infection and scarring
Those who have trauma or stress related disorders… what do they have an increase of?
increase in physical symptoms such as regressive behaviors, nightmares
what is reactive attachment disorder?
ex: someone in the foster care system, emotionally withdrawn behavior
what are some feeding and eating disorders?
- Pica
- Rumination disorder
- avoidant/restrictive food-intake disorder
What is pica?
craving for non-nutritional substances (My strange addiction)
What is rumination disorder?
child chews food, vomits it out and saves it for later
What are some elimination disorders?
- Enuresis
- Encopresis
What is enuresis?
- Bed wetting
- voluntary involuntary abnormal after the age of 5
What is encopresis?
A condition in which a child resists having bowel movements, causing impacted stool to collect in the colon and rectum and lead to leakage.
What age range is substance use disorder prominent in?
12-17
What are some symptoms of ADHD?
persistent patterns of:
1. inattention
2. Impaired ability to focus and concentrate
3. Hyperactivity and impulsivity
What are some examples of someone with ADHD?
- running when not appropriate
- interrupt conversations
- Fluctuating school work
- internal restlessness
what kind of effect of effect does ADHD have on society?
- lower socioeconomic status
- complete fewer years of school
- higher substance use
- increased traffic incidents
What would you implement for someone with adhd?
- Stimulation reduction strategies
- enhance organization skills
- Enhance time management skills
how would you enhance time management skills for someone who has adhd?
having them use a to-do list
What would you want to do for someone who has adhd?
remove anything that prevents them from focusing
- turning off music
- Get rid of clutter
What are some medication categories for adhd?
- simulants and antidepressants
what are the stimulants for adhd?
- Methylphenidate
- Amphetamine salts
- Lisdexamfetamine
what are some antidepressants that can be used for adhd?
- Buproprion
- Atomoxetine
What potential cardiovascular effects do stimulants have on someone with adhd?
potential effects of chest pain and increased HR/BP
What do stimulants cause for someone who had adhd?
- cause a lot of weight loss (monitor for a couple of weeks)
when would you give a stimulant for someone with adhd?
give at night because it may cause insomnia and give on an empty stomach
Why would you opt to give someone an antidepressant rather than a stimulant?
option for those who don’t like the cardiovascular affects or have a x of HTN
how long does it take for an antidepressant to take effect in someone who had adhd?
a few weeks to take effect
What is gender dysphoria?
feeling that a person is in the wrong-gender body
they have a strong and persistent desire
What do those with gender dysmorphia typically experience?
experience embarrassment, social isolation
what transition preparations will those who have gender dysphoria have to do?
- psychotherapy
- living as desired gender for 1-2 years
- surgical intervention
why may psychotherapy assist someone with transition preparation?
mainly to assist in deciding to fully carry out the transformation
what is oppositional defiant disorder?
basically defiant and like to argue with authority
Describe conduct disorder.
more physical
1. bully
2. fight
3. cruel to people or animals
4. steal
5. start fires
What are some nonpahrmacological interventions for children and adolescents?
KEY: PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND SUPPORT
- group therapy
- milieu therapy
- behavior mod
- quiet room
- dramatic play role therapy
- play therapy
- music therapy
- recreational therapy
- therapeutic games
What do those with a serious mental illness have difficulty in doing?
ADLS
relationships
communication
finances
coping
what kinds of effects does a serious mental illness have on individuals?
- poverty
- poorer health outcomes
- victimization
- housing instability
- anosognosia
- Substance use disorder
What effect does a serious mental illness have on families?
- Difficulty coping
- Burnout
- Abuse
How does SMI have effects on society?
- increased taxes
- involuntary tx
- outpatient commitment
- incarcerated individuals
- transinstitutionalization
What kind of gratification do those with pyromania experience?
sexual and emotional gratification
What are some interventions for impulse control disorders?
- tension prevention
- assist with managing feelings effectively
- help identify consequences with actions
- special hairstyling
what is the tx for someone with impulse control disorder?
combination of psychotherapy and medications
what are paraphilic disorders?
sexual acts that deviate from socially acceptable behavior
what do paraphilic disorders cause?
- distress
- risk of harm
- actual harm
What is exhibitionistic disorder?
sexually aroused by exposing their genitals
what is frotteurisitc disorder?
someone who rubs their genitals on someone unsuspecting it and gets gratification
What is pedophilia?
fantasize w a pre-pubescent child
what are sexual masochism and sexual sadism disorders?
sexual masochism is on themselves and
sexual sadism is on another person
What is voyeurisitc disorder?
a person watching you have sex is getting aroused by you not knowing there watching you
what do paraphilic disorders have on society?
- can be minor
- violated victims
- sexual offender registries
- correctional monitoring
- preventative psychiatric incarceration
What would we implement for paraphilic disorders?
- convey acceptance
- assist with helpful resources
- maintain boundaries
- stress contro, strategies
- assist with identifying consequences of their actions
What are the interdisciplinary treatments for paraphilic disorders?
- meds
- chemical/surgical castration
- psychotherapy
what is surgical castration?
removal of the testicles
What is ageism?
deeply rooted negative attitudes towards individuals due to their age
age discrimination
what are some communication strategies?
- elderspeak
- keep questions short
- pace the interview
- start with open-ended, use simple choice if needed
what is important to know about medications and older adults?
- slower metabolism
- med nonadherence
- anticholinergics
what are some presenting symptoms of depression in older adults?
- delirium
- Dementia
- forgetfulness
- agitation, combativeness
- irritability
- fatigue, aches and pains
- Paranoia
what is the tx for depression in older adults?
- psychosocial txs
- talk therapy
- social support systems
- ECT (last resort)
- antidepressants
can delirium and dementia lead to aids?
yes
what are the different legal issues regarding older adults?
- right to die
- restraints
can you give someone chemical restraints to someone who has dementia?
nooooo chemical restraints
What are some examples of an advanced directive?
- living will
- directive to physician
- durable power of attorney for health care
