Week 7 Flashcards
What is an objective risk
Historical observance while taking frequency and consequence into account
Need actual data
e.g Car Crashes on Highway 401
What is subjective risk
generated from thoughts, experiences, constructs and beliefs
Never been in an accident - risk = low
Which risk perception might be more true?
Objective might be more true because they take into account actual incidents
Not 100% accurate
Ex: mugging cases: many cases are not brought to the police
What is unrealistic optimism?
- The frequency of rare events tends to be overestimated
- The frequency of common events tends to be underestimated
“Probability of negative consequences for me is lower than average citizen”
Who generally demonstrates more risky behaviours?
Men:
Aged 1-14: boys have a 70% greater risk of dying in accidents than girls
Age 15-59: Men are 4x more likely than women to die in an accident
Important because we need to take the operator into account
Figure out the user - decide how you will design control
What is the risk homeostasis theory?
People adjust their behaviour based on the perceived level of risk
Explain the Risk Homeostasis Model
Ex: black ice
We look at the ice, and acknowledge it = sensory input
- thinks it looks like water
Perceived risk level: only water, do not need to be cautious, walk casually
Expected costs and benefits of action: walking over it what will happen?
Comparator point: putting a foot down on the ice
The target level of risk is high: it is black ice not a puddle
Adjustment action: balancing yourself out
Resulting action: feel jitter but do not fall down (how do we make a-b = 0)
Feedback goes into the perceived level; tells the brain perceived risk was high
What is the Triple E approach?
If there is an issue use this approach
Engineering (can only take us so far)
- install heating, use salt in winter months
Enforcement: installing speed sensors, having a cop monitor with a speed gun
Education: do not want to instill fear in people - want them to actually learn.
