Week 10 Flashcards
What are the four developmental domains?
physical (motor), cognitive, social and emotional, language and communication
What are fine motor skills?
Small movements in the hands, wrists, fingers, feet, toes, lips and tongue
What are gross motor movements?
Development of muscles that enable babies to hold up their heads, sit and crawl, and eventually run, jump and skip
On average, how long does it take before we can walk?
~1 years old
Explain First child syndrome and why this occurs
Motor skills for the first born develop later than other children in the family
why?
Parental contact (cuddled a lot)
Sensitive period
Not as much exposure to stimulus to do activities on their own
With more experience, parents do this less with the following children
More exposure to stimuli (e.g., toys, furniture), faster you will develop the skill
Why can’t we walk immediately after birth?
Bones not fully developed
We are born before being fully developed (our systems are still developing)
Body proportions (head ¼ body size), lots of wobbling
What are some characteristics in early walking?
Short steps
Little leg and hip extension
Flat footed standing
Toes point out
Feet far apart
Little trunk rotation
Arms in “high guard”
Bad balance due to proportions of body, muscles, bones, systems developing
In cognitive stage of learning
What are the two types of grips?
Power grip sand precision grips
What are power grips?
Grabbing doors
Cylnidrical (1-1.5 years)
Spherical, hook, lateral prehension
What are precision grips?
Writing, surgery
Pinch grip, develops later on in childhood
It is best to design things bigger and lighter weight for children to make it easier for them to use
Explain grasping in child development
Takes a long time to develop
Takes 4.5-7 years for fine motor control to develop
Important to create environments specific to the population you are looking at, adjust projects to make it easier for them to complete
What is our visual acuity across childhood?
Birth: 20/800
1 year: 20/100
5 years: 20/30
10 years: 20/20
Explain how we develop vision
Vision corrects our movements, from correct grip size, etc., but is bad when born
Takes 5 – 10 years to have avg adult visual acuity
Takes a long time for the colour to develop (RBY early years, subtle colours take a long to see)
Stick with simple colours when designing a toy
Explain the results of the visual cliff study
If they cannot perceive depth - they will crawl across no problem
If they can perceive - they will stop and recognize risk
Depth perception can take up to 14 months to develop
Some infants can walk before they can perceive depth
What features should be included when designing infant toys?
Colourful (primary colours - red, blue, yellow)
Simple shapes
Big distinct shapes
Soft
Fit the grasp
Gross motor skills (no fine motor skill requirement)
Large objects should require a power, rather than a precision grip
