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Mammalogy > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

!Distribution of Eraneomorpha (hedgehogs & moonrats)

A

Africa, Europe, and Asia

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2
Q

!Erinaceomorpha, hedgehogs Vs moonrats coats

A

Hedgehogs have sharp spines.

Moonrats have fur

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3
Q

!Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and moonrats) skull morphology

A
  • complete zygomatic arch

* Upper molars appear bunodont

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4
Q

!Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and moonrats) diet

A

*feed on invertebrates

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5
Q

!Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and moonrats) hedgehogs spines

A

Spines are soft when born and harden with age by enlargement of panniculus carnosus muscle which erects the spines

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6
Q

!Sub-family Hylomyinae

A

Moonrats

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7
Q

!Moonrats (Sub-family Hylomyinae) characteristics

A

Hair instead of spines
Long nearly hairless tail
Nocturnal and solitary

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8
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) distribution

A

Africa

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9
Q

Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) tenric in convergent evolution with??

A

Hedgehogs due to there spines!

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10
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) skull morphology

A
  • lack jugals

* Incomplete zygomatic arch

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11
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) dentition

A

Upper molars are zalambdodont

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12
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) diet

A

Typically opportunistic invertebrate feeders

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13
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) unique breeding?

A

They have a cloaca!

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14
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden mole lifestyle

A

Fossorial

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15
Q

Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden mole unique physiology
*Due to dry climate

A

Low BMR.

They live in dry habitats and so have developed efficient renal function.

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16
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden moles skull morphology and dentition

A

Conical
Unique tabular bones in occipital area of skull.
Zygomatic arch formed by elongation of maxillae.

17
Q

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden mole dentition

A

Lateral Incisors and 1st pre-molars canine-like

Molars are zalambdodont

18
Q

(Soricomorpha) shrews and selenodont unique characteristics??

A

Venomous saliva!

19
Q

!Soricidae, shrews (from order soricomorpha) distribution

A

Wide spread

20
Q

!Soricidae, shrews (from order soricomorpha) skull morphology

A
  • narrow and elongated
  • No zygomatic arch
  • No tympanic bulla
  • Distinctive double condyle processes, forming a double articulation on mandible
  • No post-orbital processe
21
Q

!Soricidae, shrews (from order soricomorpha) dentition

A

6 unicuspid teeth in anterior upper dentition.
Pigmented teeth
1st incisor is large with elongated main cusp and smaller posterior secondary cusp.
Upper molars are dilambdodont

22
Q

Talpidae, moles (from order soricomorpha) distribution

A

Europe, Asia, and north America

23
Q

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) coats

A
  • Moles - short and unidirectional for tunneling
  • Desmans - double layered waterproof stiff hairs.
  • Shrew moles - guard hairs and underfur
24
Q

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) skull morphology

A

Complete zygomatic arch

25
Q

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) dentition

A

Dilambdodont molars

26
Q

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) characteristics

A

Fossorial
Burrow systems
Eimors organ on snout which is a touch receptor for finding food in tunnels
Star-nosed mole in semi-aquatic

27
Q

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) sub-family Desmanidae (desmans) characteristics

A

Semi-aquatic
Webbed feet
Feed on fresh water invertebrates

28
Q

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) distribution

A

Cuba

29
Q

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) characteristics

A

Long fur
Venomous saliva
Omnivorous (mostly invertebrates)

30
Q

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) skull morphology

A

Incomplete zygomatic arch
No auditory bullae
Extra bone that supports the tip of rostrum

31
Q

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) dentition

A

Anterior upper incisors are large
Second lower incisor has deep groove to carry venom
Molars are V-shaped

32
Q

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) distribution

A

Africa

33
Q

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) lifestyle adaptations

A

Diurnal
Insectivorous
Hind limbs are longer than for limbs and so are adapted for leaping
Large eyes

34
Q

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) skull morphology

A

Complete and quite large auditory bullae
Large jugals
Compete zygomatic arch
Palate has large fenestra and so can be confused my marsupials.
To tell the difference you can see that the angle of reflection of the mandible is not rounded like marsupials.

35
Q

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) anti-predator behaviour

A

Maintain long runways clear of obstacles in order to run for safety at high speeds and refuge in burrows.

36
Q

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) distribution

A

Africa

37
Q

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) characteristics

A

Elongated rostrum for termite and ant eating. Houses a long tongue.
Large donkey-like ears
Thick skin
Sparsely haired
Rely heavily on smell and have 9-11 turbinate bones. Nostrils have fleshy tentacles and dense hair which seal the nostrils when digging.

38
Q

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) skull morphology

A

Elongated skull
Complete zygomatic arch
Elaborate Turbinal bones

39
Q

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) dentition

A

Lack incisors and canines
Diphyodont - milk teeth lost before birth
Unique molars - they lack enamel. Hexagonal dentine which is surrounded by cementum layer. Rootless and continueously growing

Mammalogy (17 decks)

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