Week 3 Flashcards
!Carnivore Vs carnivore
Carnivore = the order carnivore = meat eater
!12 Carnivora families (non scientific names)
Dogs Cats Hyenas Bears Racoons Weasels Skunks Civets Mongooses Eared seals Walruses True seals
!Types of carnivora diets
Carnivores Piscivores Insectivores Frugivores Folivores Omnivores
!Carnivore diversity
Found everywhere
Carnassial teeth
Found in Carnivores
Used for cutting and shearing flesh
!Carnivore other features
Stereoscopic vision to judge distance.
Feet have 4/5 digits and sometimes the hullux is missing or in a higher position on the leg.
Plantigrade and digitigrade locomotion.
Scent glands are well developed.
Baculum penis (penis bone), except in hyenas.
!2 clades of carnivora
Feliformia
Caniformia
!Who’s in the Feliformia sub-order/clade
Felidae - cats
Hyaenidae - hyenas
Viverridae - civets and genets
Herpestidae - mongooses
!Who’s in the sub-order/clade Caniformia
Canidae - dogs Ursidae - bears Otariodae - eared seals Odobenidae - walruses Phocidae - true seals Procyonidae - racoons Mustelidae - weasels and badgers Mephitidae - skunks
Eared seals are more closely related to….
Bears
!True seals are most closely related to…
Weasels and otters
!Canidae - dogs Distribution: Skull morphology: Morphology: Sexual characteristics: Human interaction:
Distribution: *worldwide except Madagascar, New Zealand, and Antarctica Skull morphology: *strong zygomatic arch *Elongated rostrum (long face) *Well developed sagittal crest *Large braincase Morphology: *Long legs for cursorial lifestyle. *Claws are non-retractable *Long tails Sexual characteristics: *Penis swells and locks into the female to prevent access by other males. Human interaction: *Threatened through persecution and habitat destruction. *Some are predators of livestock *Vectors of rabies *Racoon dog bred for fur *Domestic dog for companionship
!Felidae
Cats
!Hyaenidae
Hyenas
!Viverridae
Civets and genets
!Herpestidae
Mongooses
!Canidae
Dogs
!Ursidae
Bears
!Otariidae
Eared seals
!Odobenidae
Walruses
!Phocidae
True seals
!Procyonidae
Racoons
!Mustelidae
Weasels and badgers etc
!Mephitidae
Skunks
Ursidae - bears
Diet adaptations
Diet:
- Herbivorous
- Sloth bears lack two upper central incisors as an adaptation of sucking up termites.
- Sun bear has a long tongue for eating honey.
- Polar bears have reduced dentition for sucking blubber.
!Procyonidae - racoons, including the red panda. Distribution: Skull morphology: Diet: Lifestyle: Human interactions:
Distribution: *N&S.America, and Asia for red pandas Skull morphology: *Short rostrum (stubby face). *Bunodont cheek teeth Diet: Lifestyle: *Non-retractable claws. Except red panda and ringtails that have semi-retractable claws. *Tails are long and non-prehensile (except the kinkajou). *Typically nocturnal *Arboreal Human interactions: *Several Racoon species, olingos, and red panda are endangered. *Threat of habitat destruction *Racoons damage crops *Racoons farmed for fur *Racoons are rabies vectors
Mustelidae - weasels, badgers, and otters.:
Skull morphology:
Skull morphology:
*Long and flattened for hunting in tunnels.
Mephitidae - skunks
Lifestyle:
Lifestyle:
*Anal gland secretions used for defence.
*Coat colour conveys warning signals.
.
Otariidae - eared seals.
Eared seals Vs fur seals
- Eared seals insulation comes from blubber.
* Fur seal insulation comes from secondary hair coat.
Otariidae - eared seals
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Diet:
*Generalists - fish, krill, lobsters, and some warm blooded prey (e.g sea birds).
Lifestyle:
*External pinnae (can sea ears).
*Can bring flippers under the body to walk due to propulsion from forelimbs.
*Enlarged thoracic and cervical vertebra (propulsion occurs from the front of the body).
Odobenidae - Walruses
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Diet:
*Vibrissae (bristles around mouth) used to detect food.
Lifestyle:
*Can bring flippers under the body to walk.
*Propulsion from hind limbs when swimming.
Phocidae - true seals
Lifestyle:
Lifestyle:
- Can’t bring flippers under the body to walk (because propulsion when swimming come from hind flippers).
- Insulating blubber
- Enlarged and flexible lumber vertebrae for propulsion.
!Felidae-cats
3 Sub families
Pantherine - big cats
Ocelot - medium cats
Domestic cat - small cats
Felidae - cats
Lifestyle:
Lifestyle:
- Large eyes with tapetum lucidum for seeing in low light.
- Retractable claws, except the cheetah.
Hyaenidae - hyenas
Skull morphology:
Diet:
Skull morphology:
*Large and long - large masseter muscles for strong grip.
Diet:
*Aardwolf cheek teeth are small and peglike and are often lost in adults due to there diet of termites.
!Viverridae - civets & genets. Distribution: Skull morphology: Diet: Lifestyle: Human interactions:
Distribution: *Africa and Madagascar, Spain and France, near East, Arabian peninsula, India, and SE Asia. Skull morphology: *Long facial part *Skulls are domestic cat-like *Civit skulls are more heavily built Diet: *Binturong dentition reflect vegetarian diet - canines flattened and reduced premolars and molars, and peglike upper incisors. *Generally canine teeth are small and carnassial teeth are unprominant. Lifestyle: *Retractable claws *Mostly Long tails *Mist civits have a scent gland near genitals *Nocturnal and crepuscular *Arboreal and some semi-aquatic. .
