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Mammalogy > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

!Carnivore Vs carnivore

A 
Carnivore = the order
carnivore = meat eater
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2
Q

!12 Carnivora families (non scientific names)

A 
Dogs
Cats
Hyenas
Bears
Racoons
Weasels
Skunks
Civets
Mongooses
Eared seals
Walruses
True seals
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3
Q

!Types of carnivora diets

A 
Carnivores
Piscivores
Insectivores
Frugivores
Folivores
Omnivores
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4
Q

!Carnivore diversity

A

Found everywhere

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5
Q

Carnassial teeth

A

Found in Carnivores

Used for cutting and shearing flesh

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6
Q

!Carnivore other features

A

Stereoscopic vision to judge distance.
Feet have 4/5 digits and sometimes the hullux is missing or in a higher position on the leg.
Plantigrade and digitigrade locomotion.
Scent glands are well developed.
Baculum penis (penis bone), except in hyenas.

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7
Q

!2 clades of carnivora

A

Feliformia

Caniformia

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8
Q

!Who’s in the Feliformia sub-order/clade

A

Felidae - cats
Hyaenidae - hyenas
Viverridae - civets and genets
Herpestidae - mongooses

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9
Q

!Who’s in the sub-order/clade Caniformia

A 
Canidae - dogs
Ursidae - bears
Otariodae - eared seals 
Odobenidae - walruses 
Phocidae - true seals 
Procyonidae - racoons 
Mustelidae - weasels and badgers 
Mephitidae - skunks
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10
Q

Eared seals are more closely related to….

A

Bears

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11
Q

!True seals are most closely related to…

A

Weasels and otters

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12
Q 
!Canidae - dogs
Distribution:
Skull morphology: 
Morphology:
Sexual characteristics:
Human interaction:
A 
Distribution:
 *worldwide except Madagascar, New Zealand, and Antarctica 
Skull morphology: 
*strong zygomatic arch 
*Elongated rostrum (long face)
*Well developed sagittal crest
*Large braincase 
Morphology:
*Long legs for cursorial lifestyle.
*Claws are non-retractable 
*Long tails 
Sexual characteristics:
*Penis swells and locks into the female to prevent access by other males.
Human interaction: 
*Threatened through persecution and habitat destruction. 
*Some are predators of livestock
*Vectors of rabies
*Racoon dog bred for fur 
*Domestic dog for companionship
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13
Q

!Felidae

A

Cats

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14
Q

!Hyaenidae

A

Hyenas

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15
Q

!Viverridae

A

Civets and genets

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16
Q

!Herpestidae

A

Mongooses

17
Q

!Canidae

A

Dogs

18
Q

!Ursidae

A

Bears

19
Q

!Otariidae

A

Eared seals

20
Q

!Odobenidae

A

Walruses

21
Q

!Phocidae

A

True seals

22
Q

!Procyonidae

A

Racoons

23
Q

!Mustelidae

A

Weasels and badgers etc

24
Q

!Mephitidae

A

Skunks

25
Q

Ursidae - bears

Diet adaptations

A

Diet:

  • Herbivorous
  • Sloth bears lack two upper central incisors as an adaptation of sucking up termites.
  • Sun bear has a long tongue for eating honey.
  • Polar bears have reduced dentition for sucking blubber.
26
Q 
!Procyonidae - racoons, including the red panda.
Distribution:
Skull morphology:
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Human interactions:
A 
Distribution:
*N&S.America, and Asia for red pandas 
Skull morphology:
*Short rostrum (stubby face).
*Bunodont cheek teeth
Diet:
Lifestyle:
*Non-retractable claws. Except red panda and ringtails that have semi-retractable claws.
*Tails are long and non-prehensile (except the kinkajou).
*Typically nocturnal 
*Arboreal 
Human interactions:
*Several Racoon species, olingos, and red panda are endangered.
*Threat of habitat destruction
*Racoons damage crops 
*Racoons farmed for fur 
*Racoons are rabies vectors
27
Q

Mustelidae - weasels, badgers, and otters.:

Skull morphology:

A

Skull morphology:

*Long and flattened for hunting in tunnels.

28
Q

Mephitidae - skunks

Lifestyle:

A

Lifestyle:
*Anal gland secretions used for defence.
*Coat colour conveys warning signals.
.

29
Q

Otariidae - eared seals.

Eared seals Vs fur seals

A
  • Eared seals insulation comes from blubber.

* Fur seal insulation comes from secondary hair coat.

30
Q

Otariidae - eared seals
Diet:
Lifestyle:

A

Diet:
*Generalists - fish, krill, lobsters, and some warm blooded prey (e.g sea birds).
Lifestyle:
*External pinnae (can sea ears).
*Can bring flippers under the body to walk due to propulsion from forelimbs.
*Enlarged thoracic and cervical vertebra (propulsion occurs from the front of the body).

31
Q

Odobenidae - Walruses
Diet:
Lifestyle:

A

Diet:
*Vibrissae (bristles around mouth) used to detect food.
Lifestyle:
*Can bring flippers under the body to walk.
*Propulsion from hind limbs when swimming.

32
Q

Phocidae - true seals

Lifestyle:

A

Lifestyle:

  • Can’t bring flippers under the body to walk (because propulsion when swimming come from hind flippers).
  • Insulating blubber
  • Enlarged and flexible lumber vertebrae for propulsion.
33
Q

!Felidae-cats

3 Sub families

A

Pantherine - big cats
Ocelot - medium cats
Domestic cat - small cats

34
Q

Felidae - cats

Lifestyle:

A

Lifestyle:

  • Large eyes with tapetum lucidum for seeing in low light.
  • Retractable claws, except the cheetah.
35
Q

Hyaenidae - hyenas
Skull morphology:
Diet:

A

Skull morphology:
*Large and long - large masseter muscles for strong grip.
Diet:
*Aardwolf cheek teeth are small and peglike and are often lost in adults due to there diet of termites.

36
Q 
!Viverridae - civets & genets.
Distribution:
Skull morphology:
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Human interactions:
A 
Distribution:
*Africa and Madagascar, Spain and France, near East, Arabian peninsula, India, and SE Asia. 
Skull morphology:
*Long facial part 
*Skulls are domestic cat-like
*Civit skulls are more heavily built
Diet:
*Binturong dentition reflect vegetarian diet - canines flattened and reduced premolars and molars, and peglike upper incisors.
*Generally canine teeth are small and carnassial teeth are unprominant.
Lifestyle:
*Retractable claws 
*Mostly Long tails 
*Mist civits have a scent gland near genitals
*Nocturnal and crepuscular 
*Arboreal and some semi-aquatic.
.

Mammalogy (17 decks)

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