Week 6b: Prevention & Intervention Flashcards
What is a fundamental concept to remember after implementing any intervention?
Progress monitoring, ongoing evaluation, modify if necessary
What are the 4 concepts at the core of instructional hierarchy?
- Acquisition: initial learning focusing on accuracy
- Fluency: developing greater proficiency
- Generalization: plan for and provide instruction in novel settings
- Adaptation: adapt skills to new contexts and demands
What are 2 major risk factors when it comes to reading acquisition?
- Special needs
- Poverty
What are 3 reasons for lasting reading problems?
- Early foundational skill deficits
- Reduced exposure to print
- Reductions in motivation and desire (“performance deficit”)
What is phonological awareness?
Ability to hear and manipulate sound structure of language
What is Mapping Print to Speech?
Phonological recording of letter strings into corresponding sounds and blending stored sounds into words
What are two essential aspects for prevention in reading instruction?
- Begin early
- Assess frequently
What are Aptitudes?
Psych characteristics of individuals that predispose and predict differences in later learning
What are Skill-by-Treatment Interactions (STIs)?
Process of selecting academic interventions based on student functioning in specific skill
STIs are more effective than ATIs. (T/F)
True
What does it mean that multiple risk factors increases undesirable outcomes “geometrically”?
Increase is not simply additive, multiple risk factors have substantial cumulative effect
Poverty is the most powerful risk factor in predicting adult dysfunction. (T/F)
True
What is resilience?
Development of competence despite adversity
What are other examples of risk factors?
- Uncaring parental environments
- Child maltreatment
- Marital discord
What are examples of protective factors?
- Resilience
- Quality parent/child relationships
- Good cognitive development
Academic failure results from inadequate mastery of skills by students rather than instructional environment in which they learn. (T/F)
False
What 2 practices does effective teaching require?
- Content of instruction
- Structure or format of instructional delivery
What 3 factors must teachers consider?
- Students: WHO is being taught
- Curriculum: WHAT is being taught
- Instruction: HOW it is taught
What are examples of effective structure/formats of instruction?
- Lesson preview
- Guided practice
- Independent practice
- Explanation
What are some characteristics of effective teachers?
- Structured
- High expectations for student achievement
- Active problem-solvers
- Provide fewer incentives for students to misbehave
- Positive relationships with students
What are 3 strategies to increase student engagement?
- Use of interactive teaching strategies
- Fast-paced instruction
- Increasing opportunities to respond
What 3 concepts must school psychologists advocate for?
- Prevention of academic problems
- Promotion of academic competence
- Curriculum and instructional modifications that will reduce number of individualized problems from materializing
What are important concepts related to effective instruction?
- Allocated time (planned time to teach material)
- Engaged time (material is actively taught)
- Progress monitoring
- Performance feedback
- “Motivating” students through modifying contingencies and providing incentives
