Week 6: X-Ray Fluorescence, X-Ray Diffraction & X-Ray Absorption Flashcards
What does XRF stand for?
X-Ray Fluorescence
True or False: XRF is used primarily for qualitative analysis.
False
What is the main principle behind XRF?
It measures the characteristic fluorescent X-rays emitted from a material when it is excited by a primary X-ray source.
Fill in the blank: XRF is commonly used in ________ analysis.
elemental
What does XRD stand for?
X-Ray Diffraction
What type of information does XRD provide?
It provides information about the crystal structure, phase identification, and other structural properties of materials.
True or False: XRD can be used to analyze both crystalline and amorphous materials.
False
What type of radiation is used in XRD?
X-rays
What is the main purpose of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)?
To study the electronic structure and local environment of specific elements in a sample.
Fill in the blank: XAS is sensitive to the ________ of elements in a sample.
oxidation state
What does the term ‘absorption edge’ refer to in XAS?
The energy at which a specific element’s core electrons can be excited to unoccupied states.
Multiple choice: Which technique can provide information about the coordination environment of an element? A) XRF B) XRD C) XAS
C) XAS
True or False: XRF can detect elements down to parts per million (ppm) levels.
True
What is a common application of XRF?
Environmental monitoring and analysis of metals in soil and water.
What is the primary detector used in XRD?
A scintillation counter or a CCD detector.
Fill in the blank: In XRD, the ________ angle is critical for determining the crystal structure.
Bragg
What is one advantage of using XRF over other analytical techniques?
It is non-destructive and requires minimal sample preparation.
Multiple choice: Which technique is best suited for determining the mineral composition of a sample? A) XRF B) XRD C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What does the term ‘phase identification’ mean in the context of XRD?
Determining the specific crystalline phases present in a material based on its diffraction pattern.
True or False: X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy requires a vacuum environment.
True
What is an application of XRD?
Analyzing the crystallinity of polymers.
What type of samples can XRF analyze?
Solid, liquid, and powder samples.
Fill in the blank: In XRF, the primary source of X-rays is typically an ________ tube.
X-ray
What is the role of the monochromator in XAS?
To select specific wavelengths of X-rays to probe the sample.
