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Primary Health Care in Action > Week 6 - Working with groups > Flashcards

Week 6 - Working with groups Flashcards

1
Q

Identify 9 different types of groups?

A
  • Community activism ( community development)
  • Support (peer groups)
  • Active therapy (child health, development)
  • Coaching (health education, promotion)
  • Counselling (group therapy)
  • Intervention (working with migrant groups)
  • Psychoeducational (prevention of developmental risk factors)
  • Psychotherapy (remedial groups)
  • Therapy (cognitive behaviour therapy)
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2
Q

What are the principles of Primary Health Care

A
  • equity of access to health care
  • Appropriate technology
  • Intersectoral collaboration
  • Cultural sensitivity, safety
  • Health promotion
  • Community participation
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3
Q

How to groups achieve social justice through group empowerment?

A
  • Bonding social capital

- Bridging social capital

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4
Q

What is bonding social capital in groups

A

trusting and cooperative relationships between groups who have similar demographics or social characteristics

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5
Q

What is bridging social capital in groups

A

relations between individuals who are dissimilar with respect to social identity and power

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6
Q

Describe the stages and tasks of group development

A

1) Orientation (forming/assesment)
- selecting group members
- training for group participation
- Identify goals and purposes

2) Accommodation (storming, norming, planning)
- Establishing most of decision making
- Developing mechanisms for conflict resolution
- Developing communication network
- Developing a climate conducive to collaboration

3) Operation (performing, implementation)
- Assigning specific tasks to accomplish goals
- Performing actions to accomplish goals

4) Dissolution (leaving, evaluation)
- Planning evaluation of outcomes
- Assigning member role and tasks in evolution
- Data collection
- Analysis of evaluation data
- Possible group dissolution

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7
Q

What are the goals of groups?

A
  • Needs assessment
  • Therapeutic assessments
  • Problem solving
  • Knowledge development
  • Self help
  • Community empowerment
  • Lifestyle change
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8
Q

What are the steps of group planning and management?

A
  • Establish purpose, goals and leadership
  • Set tone for communication
  • Discuss organisational issues
  • Decide tasks, responsibilities
  • Monitoring and evaluation strategies
  • Progress markers
  • Conflict resolution
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9
Q

Why are therapeutic groups useful for dealing with mental health issues?

A

Can help people identify with others in a similar situation and gain from their experiences and insights through recovery and beyond

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10
Q

Characteristics of culturally embedded groups

A
  • Embedding cultural mansions, ways of knowing, values, worldview, language
  • Culturally responsive by challenging cultural oppression, power structures
  • Promote family engagement, knowledge of risks and assets
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11
Q

What is the focus of groups in regards to PHC?

A

Working in partnership with the group to plan and make changes according to their own needs and motivations, and at their own pace

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12
Q

What is the role of health care professionals in group work?

A

Provide education and support, to act as a facilitator/manger to document and evaluate goals and progress

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13
Q

What are the important components to consider when facilitating behaviour change

A 
Knowlege
Awareness
Social Influence
Attitude
Self-efficacy
Intention
Action control
Maintenance
Facilitation
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14
Q

What are the common theories of behaviour change

A 
Theory of Planned Behaviour/Reasoned Action
Health Belief Model
Social Cognitive Theory
Unfreezing, changing, refreezing (LEWIN)
Diffusion of Innovations
Transtheoretical/stages of change model
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15
Q

Describe the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen & Fishbein)

A
  • Attitudes predict behaviour
  • Attitudes are created from:
    • behavioural beliefs
    • normative beliefs
    • control beliefs (self efficacy)
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16
Q

Describe the Health Believe Model ( Becker, Pennder)

A

Motivation
Beliefs about susceptibility
Environmental cutes

Lead to likelihood of positive action. Modified by personality, demographics, socio-cultural and personal beliefs

17
Q

Describe Social Learning Theory/ Resilience Led Approach

A

A program to help families at risk for abuse/neglect based on social learning theory

Focuses on behaviours, uses active learning strategies and role modelling as well as feedback

18
Q

Lewin’s Unfreezing, Changing, Refreezing model (1951)

A

1) Unfreezing - Identify the driving and restarting forces that influence unwillingness to change/complacency and environmental factors that may be barriers to change
2) Change - communicate the information for shared understanding of what can be moved or changed
3) Refreezing - Communicate the impact of the change and how it will be evaluated & sustained

19
Q

Stages of change / transtheoretical model

A

1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation for change
4) Action
5) Maintenance

20
Q

Kotter’s guide to change (1995)

A

1) Establish a sense of urgency
2) Create a powerful guiding coalition
3) Share the vision for change
4) Communicate to energise renewal
5) Remove obstacles, encourage risk taking, creativity
6) Plan for short term wins, rewards
7) Ensure sustainability
8) Anchor changes in work culture

21
Q

What is one of the biggest obstacles to change in groups or organisations?

A

The failure to articulate the change, its rationale, time frame and individual implementation steps

22
Q

What are some barriers to change in groups?

A 
Unclear expectations
Communication problems
Different attitudes or values
Previous conflicts among group members
Competition for resources
23
Q

Philosophical principles for group behaviour change

A

1 Believe that change is possible.
2 Create an atmosphere of trust for sharing ideas and experiences.
3 Start with what people know.
4 Value experiential knowledge as highly as formal knowledge.
5 Proceed from action to reflection to action (the cycle of praxis).
6 Knowledge is constructed in interactions between people.
7 People are active participants in acquiring knowledge.
8 Acknowledge educational influences from many sources.
9 Decision-making should be democratic.
10 Each member shares life experiences.
11 We learn with our heads, our hearts, and our bodies.
12 The arts are important tools for teaching and organising.
13 Critical thinking should be extended to developing critical consciousness to take action for change.

24
Q

What is leadership

A

the capacity of a human community to shape its future

25
Q

What are characteristics of good leaders

A
  • challenge processes
  • inspire a shared vision,
  • enable others to act
  • model the way by example
  • encourage the heart by celebrating the achievements of themselves and others
26
Q

What are the most important aspects to group work that predict success?

A
  • Good communication
  • Exploring the knowledge base to ensure everyone is on the same page
  • discuss common goals for the group
  • identify the type of resources require
  • allocate roles to help source resources

Primary Health Care in Action (10 decks)

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