Week 6 - Working with groups Flashcards
Identify 9 different types of groups?
- Community activism ( community development)
- Support (peer groups)
- Active therapy (child health, development)
- Coaching (health education, promotion)
- Counselling (group therapy)
- Intervention (working with migrant groups)
- Psychoeducational (prevention of developmental risk factors)
- Psychotherapy (remedial groups)
- Therapy (cognitive behaviour therapy)
What are the principles of Primary Health Care
- equity of access to health care
- Appropriate technology
- Intersectoral collaboration
- Cultural sensitivity, safety
- Health promotion
- Community participation
How to groups achieve social justice through group empowerment?
- Bonding social capital
- Bridging social capital
What is bonding social capital in groups
trusting and cooperative relationships between groups who have similar demographics or social characteristics
What is bridging social capital in groups
relations between individuals who are dissimilar with respect to social identity and power
Describe the stages and tasks of group development
1) Orientation (forming/assesment)
- selecting group members
- training for group participation
- Identify goals and purposes
2) Accommodation (storming, norming, planning)
- Establishing most of decision making
- Developing mechanisms for conflict resolution
- Developing communication network
- Developing a climate conducive to collaboration
3) Operation (performing, implementation)
- Assigning specific tasks to accomplish goals
- Performing actions to accomplish goals
4) Dissolution (leaving, evaluation)
- Planning evaluation of outcomes
- Assigning member role and tasks in evolution
- Data collection
- Analysis of evaluation data
- Possible group dissolution
What are the goals of groups?
- Needs assessment
- Therapeutic assessments
- Problem solving
- Knowledge development
- Self help
- Community empowerment
- Lifestyle change
What are the steps of group planning and management?
- Establish purpose, goals and leadership
- Set tone for communication
- Discuss organisational issues
- Decide tasks, responsibilities
- Monitoring and evaluation strategies
- Progress markers
- Conflict resolution
Why are therapeutic groups useful for dealing with mental health issues?
Can help people identify with others in a similar situation and gain from their experiences and insights through recovery and beyond
Characteristics of culturally embedded groups
- Embedding cultural mansions, ways of knowing, values, worldview, language
- Culturally responsive by challenging cultural oppression, power structures
- Promote family engagement, knowledge of risks and assets
What is the focus of groups in regards to PHC?
Working in partnership with the group to plan and make changes according to their own needs and motivations, and at their own pace
What is the role of health care professionals in group work?
Provide education and support, to act as a facilitator/manger to document and evaluate goals and progress
What are the important components to consider when facilitating behaviour change
Knowlege Awareness Social Influence Attitude Self-efficacy Intention Action control Maintenance Facilitation
What are the common theories of behaviour change
Theory of Planned Behaviour/Reasoned Action Health Belief Model Social Cognitive Theory Unfreezing, changing, refreezing (LEWIN) Diffusion of Innovations Transtheoretical/stages of change model
Describe the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen & Fishbein)
- Attitudes predict behaviour
- Attitudes are created from:
- behavioural beliefs
- normative beliefs
- control beliefs (self efficacy)
Describe the Health Believe Model ( Becker, Pennder)
Motivation
Beliefs about susceptibility
Environmental cutes
Lead to likelihood of positive action. Modified by personality, demographics, socio-cultural and personal beliefs
Describe Social Learning Theory/ Resilience Led Approach
A program to help families at risk for abuse/neglect based on social learning theory
Focuses on behaviours, uses active learning strategies and role modelling as well as feedback
Lewin’s Unfreezing, Changing, Refreezing model (1951)
1) Unfreezing - Identify the driving and restarting forces that influence unwillingness to change/complacency and environmental factors that may be barriers to change
2) Change - communicate the information for shared understanding of what can be moved or changed
3) Refreezing - Communicate the impact of the change and how it will be evaluated & sustained
Stages of change / transtheoretical model
1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation for change
4) Action
5) Maintenance
Kotter’s guide to change (1995)
1) Establish a sense of urgency
2) Create a powerful guiding coalition
3) Share the vision for change
4) Communicate to energise renewal
5) Remove obstacles, encourage risk taking, creativity
6) Plan for short term wins, rewards
7) Ensure sustainability
8) Anchor changes in work culture
What is one of the biggest obstacles to change in groups or organisations?
The failure to articulate the change, its rationale, time frame and individual implementation steps
What are some barriers to change in groups?
Unclear expectations Communication problems Different attitudes or values Previous conflicts among group members Competition for resources
Philosophical principles for group behaviour change
1 Believe that change is possible.
2 Create an atmosphere of trust for sharing ideas and experiences.
3 Start with what people know.
4 Value experiential knowledge as highly as formal knowledge.
5 Proceed from action to reflection to action (the cycle of praxis).
6 Knowledge is constructed in interactions between people.
7 People are active participants in acquiring knowledge.
8 Acknowledge educational influences from many sources.
9 Decision-making should be democratic.
10 Each member shares life experiences.
11 We learn with our heads, our hearts, and our bodies.
12 The arts are important tools for teaching and organising.
13 Critical thinking should be extended to developing critical consciousness to take action for change.
What is leadership
the capacity of a human community to shape its future
What are characteristics of good leaders
- challenge processes
- inspire a shared vision,
- enable others to act
- model the way by example
- encourage the heart by celebrating the achievements of themselves and others
What are the most important aspects to group work that predict success?
- Good communication
- Exploring the knowledge base to ensure everyone is on the same page
- discuss common goals for the group
- identify the type of resources require
- allocate roles to help source resources
