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Primary Health Care in Action > Week 1 - Creating and maintaining a healthy community > Flashcards

Week 1 - Creating and maintaining a healthy community Flashcards

1
Q

Define ecology

A

everything is connected to everything else

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2
Q

Define health

A

A product of reciprocal interactions between individuals and their environments; a mixture of biology, genetic predispositions, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual and physical environments

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3
Q

WHO definition of health 1974

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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4
Q

X

A

X

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5
Q

Describe a healthy community

A

Dynamic,
constantly changing as people respond to the circumstance of their life and their environments and as they make decisions that help enhance their community’s health capacity.

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6
Q

Define reciprocal in health terms

A

health is created in the exchanges between people and their environments

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7
Q

What is health literacy

A

adequate knowledge to inform health decisions

The ability to make sound health decisions in everyday life.

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8
Q

what is empowerment

A

knowledge and opportunity to have control over one’s life and health decisions

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9
Q

what is the ecological view of community

A

an interdependent group of plants and animals inhabiting a common space

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10
Q

MacQueen definition of community

A

A group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings

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11
Q

McMurray definition of community health

A

Community health is characterised by the presence of strong social capital, engaged and empowered community members, a dynamic and healthy physical, social and spiritual environment, accessible, affordable and equitable services and resources, and a system of governance that is inclusive and responsive to community members in addressing the SDH

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12
Q

what is social inclusion

A

when the social environment is supportive, creating a climate of trust and mutual respect

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13
Q

Disempowerment is caused by

A 
civil strife
oppressive political regime
crime
poverty
unemployment
violence
discrimination
food insecurity
diseases
lack of access to health and social support services
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14
Q

define social exclusion

A

living in situation of disadvantage or disempowerment
unable to access the same resources for help as those who live in more privileged situations and their lives and potential for the future are compromised

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15
Q

define advocacy

A

promoting or championing the needs of the community in such a way as to help people fully participate in decisions that affect their lives, their health and their communities

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16
Q

Community health is a product of

A
  • Participatory community development
  • Collaborative interactiong with the environment to create and maintain health
  • Social inclusion
  • Empowered citizens
  • Healthy physical, Social and spiritual environment
  • Accessible, affordable, equitable, responsive services and resources
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17
Q

The role of health professionals in community health

A
  • promoting health and providing care where people live, work and play
  • advocating for the community, its people and its physical, social, spiritual environments
  • promoting equity, access, social inclusion and adequate resources by assessing community needs and disadvantage and then lobbying for change where required
  • encouraging empowerment and health literacy to promote citizen participation in decisions for health and wellbeing
  • generating the evidence base relative to community health needs.
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18
Q

define Wellness

A

a state of harmony between physical, emotional, social and spiritual health of the individual and their environment

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19
Q

define sustainability

A

The ability of communities to function effectively with available services for the foreseeable future by mobilising resources.

20
Q

The 5 principles of sustainable development

A

1) Living within environmental limits
2) Ensuring a strong, healthy and just society
3) Achieving a sustainable economy
4) Using sound science responsibly
5) Promoting good governance

21
Q

What are the social determinants of health

A
  • Healthy child development
  • Social support networks
  • Education, literacy
  • Employment & working conditions
  • Social environment
  • Physical environment
  • Health practices, coping skills
  • Health services, resources
  • Gender, culture
  • Biology, genetic characteristics
22
Q

what is Social Justice

A

fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities and their consequences

23
Q

define McKeown Thesis

A

the knowledge that the major improvements to health over the past decades have not been due to medial treatments or technologies, but rather to social, environmental and econmic changes, smaller family size, better nutrition, a healthier physical environment and a greater emphasis on preventative care

24
Q

what is social gradient

A

Those who earn income at successively higher levels have better health than those who are unemployed or have lower levels of income

25
Q

define primary health care

A

it is a philosphy of care based on social justice, and an organising framework for he activities of health professionals

26
Q

PHC Defintion (1979 Declaration of Alma-Alta)

A

Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination. It is the first level of contact with individuals, the family and community with the national health systems bringing health care as close as possible to where people live and work and constitutes the first element of a continuing care process.

27
Q

what is Primary Care (PC)

A

The first line of care when a person is sick or injured. PC provides person-focused, integrated, coordinated care over time

28
Q

what are the 6 principles of Primary Health Care?

A
  • Accessible health care
  • Appropriate technology
  • Health promotion
  • Cultural Sensitivity
  • Intersectoral collaboration
  • Community participation
29
Q

Barriers to accessing health care include:

A
  • Geographical features (isolation)
  • Civil conflict
  • Lack of structures and services tht support human endeavour
30
Q

What is the difference between inequity and inequality?

A

Inequity - Unfair distribution of resources and support (eg. Lack of health professionals in rural areas)

Inequality - Disparity in health status or capacity (eg. Poorer health amount indigenous people that non-indigenous)

31
Q

PHC efficiency & effectiveness as defined by Besner in 2004

A

right care provided to the right people by the right provider, in the right setting and using the most suitable and cost-effective technology’

32
Q

what is appropriate technology

A

advocating for the right care for the right person or community at the right time, to maximise efficiency and equity rather than the most expensive technologies for all communities

33
Q

what is health promotion

A

encouraging community capacity through comprehensive promotion of health for the whole-of-community; promoting selective care for those most in need of specific care

34
Q

what is selective primary health care

A

Health planning aimed at linking outcomes with specific investments

35
Q

what is comprehensive primary health care

A

A whole-of-community approach to participative health decision-making

36
Q

what is cultural sensitivity

A

being aware of your own and others’ cultural beliefs, values and knowledge and how these shape health and health decisions

37
Q

define intersectoral collaboration

A

working in partnership with health, disability services, transportation, education, environment and other sectors to respond to all the social determinants of health

38
Q

define access and equity

A

working to alleviate the barriers that prevent equal access to health for all members of the community—identifying any disparities in access to education, health services, employment or other social determinants of health

39
Q

what is Public Participation

A

ensuring that community members are able to participate fully in making decisions for their health and wellbeing

40
Q

what is socia capital

A

A sense of trust, civic engagement, participation and belonging.

41
Q

what is reciprocal determinism

A

We affect and are affected by the dynamic exchanges we have with the environment. These create both challenges and opportunities for health

42
Q

what are the 3 levels of health literacy

A
  • Functional
  • Communicative (or interactive)
  • Critical
43
Q

define functional health literacy

A

individuals have received sufficient factual information on health risks and health services, which they also understand, and which allows them to function effectively in a health context

44
Q

define communicative or interactive health literacy

A

develops personal skills to the extent that community members participate in community life, influencing social norms and helping others develop their personal health capacity

45
Q

define critical health literacy

A

use cognitive skills to improve individual resilience to social and economic adversity

Primary Health Care in Action (10 decks)

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