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Primary Health Care in Action > Week 11 - Healthy Adults > Flashcards

Week 11 - Healthy Adults Flashcards

1
Q

Social determinants of health for adults

A
  • Family structure
  • Ethnicity
  • education
  • Employment
  • Place of residence
  • coping abilities
  • historical illness/injury
  • stress
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2
Q

What are the impacts of climate change on health

A
  • increased likelihood of respiratory disease
  • housing and food insecurity
  • natural disasters
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3
Q

Life expectancy for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians (males & females)

A

Non indigenous men - 80
Non indigenous women - 84

Indigenous men - 68
Indigenous women - 74

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4
Q

What are the most common causes of adult mortality (fatal burden of disease)

A
  • cancer
  • heart disease
  • cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
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5
Q

What are the most common causes of morbidity (non-fatal burden of disease)

A
  • cancer
  • cardiovascular disease
  • mental illness
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6
Q

What are the top three diseases prevalent in the Australian population?

A
  • ischaemic heart disease
  • anxiety/depression
  • type 2 diabetes
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7
Q

What is health loss?

A

the gap between the population’s current state of health and that of an ideal population in which everyone experiences long lives free from ill health or disability

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8
Q

What percentage of deaths in Australia are from cancer? And what are the most prevalent types of cancer?

A

29%

  • Prostate
  • Bowel
  • Breast
  • Melanoma
  • Lung
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9
Q

What are the leading preventable causes of death and disability in Australia?

A
  • Motor vehicle accidents
  • Interpersonal violence
  • Suicide
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10
Q

Which chronic condition has the greatest burden of disease in Australia?

A

Respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD

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11
Q

How do chronic conditions affect a suffer’s quality of life

A
  • cause disablement
  • affect mood & mental wellbeing
  • disrupted sleep patterns
  • impact on relationships, work and social role participation
  • persistent pain
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12
Q

What is the leading cause of death globally?

A

Cardiovascular disease

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13
Q

What are the closer of factors that create the highest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A
  • Tobacco smoking
  • Inactivity
  • Overweight/obese
  • High-fat, high-salt diet
  • High alcohol consumption
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol (LDL)
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14
Q

The prevalence of diabetes has double in the Australian population over the past 15 years. What is it now?

A

4.1% of non-Indigenous Australians, rates among Indigenous people are three times greter

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15
Q

What are the obesogenic factors in our environment that are leading to an obesity epidemic?

A
  • Poor diet (high fat, high salt fast food, fad diets)
  • Unaffordable or inaccessible exercise options
  • Few culturally appropriate supports for healthy lifestyles
  • Lack of transportation for people with disabilities
  • Busy, high stress urban workplaces
  • Difficulties of isolation for rural residents
  • Uneven surveillance and access to environmental information on hazards such as weather events
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16
Q

Migrant lifestyle risks

A
  • global trade reducing the cost of sugars and fats
  • genetic biological factors
  • western dietary practices
  • Low physical workplace demands
  • Inadequate public transportation
  • Few cycleways/walkways
  • Cultural preferences for traditional health practices
  • Stress of migration, refugee experiences and social injustice
17
Q

What can exacerbate mental health problems for people in the workforce?

A
  • High demands
  • Job insecurity
  • Low beard or opportunity to use skills
  • Low authority
  • Interpersonal relationships
  • Inadequate support
  • Discrimination
18
Q

What are some ways to distract the cycle of stigma and discrimination relating to mental illnesses

A
  • recognise the contribution of the mentally ill and foster leadership
  • celebrate and accept difference
  • affirm human rights
  • encourage disclosure
  • encourage recovery-oriented practices
  • encourage empowerment
  • support peer support services
  • challenge attitudes and behaviour
19
Q

What are the three most common factors contributing to positive mental health?

A
  • having good friends to talk problems over with
  • keeping an active mind
  • having control over one’s life
20
Q

What factors can contribution the being mentally “unhealthy”

A
  • excessive use of alcohol or drugs
  • having no friends or support network
  • life crises or traumas
21
Q

What are the characteristics of a healthy workplace?

A
  • create a healthy, supportive and safe environment
  • ensure that health promotion and health protection are integral to management practices
  • foster work styles and lifestyles conducive to health
  • ensure total organisational participation
  • extend positive effects to the local and surrounding community and environment
22
Q

One of the approaches to help people cope with work stress or personal issues is to focus on a combination of psychological strategies called primary and secondary control coping.
What are primary and secondary control coping?

A

Primary control coping involves direct efforts to manage stress through emotional expression, emotional regulation and problem solving.

Secondary control coping involves adaption to stressful situations by acceptance, cognitive restructuring, distractions and positive thinking

23
Q

What is Mindfulness based stress reduction?

A

people are taught to respond to stress rather than react to it.

24
Q

What is resilience?

A

The ability to engage in competent, adaptive functioning despite exposure to risk or adversity

25
Q

How can social capital protect health?

A

1 Influencing macro level policymaking decisions, micro-level sense of control and access to health resources
2 Providing health-related informational support
3 Acting as social credentials in accessing health resources
4 Reinforcing psychological resources such as self-esteem
5 Supplying emotional support
6 Delivering health-related material support
7 Encouraging engagement in healthy norms and behaviours
8 Decreasing exposure to stressors like involuntary job disruptions
9 Increasing the use of quality health services by strengthening access to insurance and care
10 Reinforcing subjective social status

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