Week 4 - Planning and promoting community health

Question 1

What is health promotion

Answer 1

A political, ecological and capacity building process, aimed at arranging the social and structural determinants of health in a what that facilitates health

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health (WHO 1986)

Question 2

what are some health promotion activities

Answer 2

• Preventing illness/injury
• Promoting healthy living
• Responding to place-based conditions that affect health
• Advocating fro structural conditions to support people’s choices for health
• Ensuring there is appropriate care

Question 3

describe public health

Answer 3

Aimed at preventing disease and promoting the health of populations.

• Measurement and surveillance
• Development of evidence based strategies

Question 4

what is population health

Answer 4

Addresses disparities in health status between different groups

Question 5

what is primary health care

Answer 5

A philosophy and an organising framework for care

Question 6

define ‘old public health’

Answer 6

Biomedical approach

Guided by medical knowledge, political factors and the availability of financial and personal resources

Question 7

Declaration of Alma-Alta 1978

New public health

Answer 7

Empowering people to have control over decisions that affected health in their families and communities

Question 8

define new public health approach

Answer 8

Communities decide priorities and preferences for health from where people live, work and play.

Places the communities at the centre of health decision making

Question 9

What were the objectives of the Ottawa charter

Answer 9

Clarify the conditions and resources required to provide health for all people and to define the prerequisites for health

• Peace
• Stable ecosystem
• Social justice and equity
• Resources (eduction, food, income etc)

Question 10

What did the Ottawa Charter for Health promotion seek to achieve

Answer 10

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Emphasises the importance of promoting health at a global level and identifies the fundamental conditions and resources for community health

Question 11

5 major strategies of the Ottawa Charter

Answer 11

1) Build healthy public policy
2) Create supportive environments
3) Strengthen community action
4) Develop personal skills
5) Reorient health services

Question 12

define social justice

Answer 12

Aimed at overcoming inequalities (bias and disadvantage) and inequities (unfair distribution of health care and other resources) through action of the SDH at all levels of society

Question 13

what did the Millennium Development Goals set out to achieve?

Answer 13

Address the effects of extreme poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter and exclusion, and were designed to promote education, gender equality and environmental sustainability of developing countries

Question 14

what are the 8 Millennium Development Goals

Answer 14

1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2) Achieve universal primary education
3) Promote gender equitlity & empower women
4) Reduce child mortality
5) Improve maternal health
6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7) Ensure environmental sustainability
8) Develop a global partnership for development

Question 15

Human security instead of national security

Answer 15

Securing food, income, health care, housing, education, peace and a viable and sustainable environment

Question 16

what is a Health Impact Assessment (HIA)

Answer 16

A systematic approach to assessing the potential health impacts of policies, plans or projects on populations using a range of quantitative, qualitative and participatory techniques

Question 17

what is Health Education

Answer 17

Knowledge + Capacity

As a health promotion strategy health education facilitates empowerment by showing people where to access appropriate, relevant information on health and how to use it to build health capacity

Question 18

what is motivational interviewing

Answer 18

Encourages people to examine their actual and ideal health behaviours.

Is intended to support the partnership approach to health education as a way of building people’s confidence in their ability to change

Question 19

Motivational Interviewing 4 steps

Answer 19

1) Engaging
2) Focusing
3) Evoking
4) Planning

Question 20

Major element of health promotion

Answer 20

Preventing ill health or injury is an instrumental goal of Primary Health Care

Question 21

Levels of prevention

Answer 21

1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Tertiary

Question 22

what is primary prevention

Answer 22

Promote health by removing the precipitating causes and determinants of ill health or injury

Eg. Vaccination, education, promoting healthy lifestyle, protecting the physical, social and cultural environments

Question 23

what is secondary prevention

Answer 23

• Steps taken to recover from illness
• to guard against any deterioration in health
• screening for early detections and treatment of disease
• any measure to limit disability

Question 24

what is tertiary prevention

Answer 24

Restorative actions
- Rehabilitation
- Transitions to community care
Providing support

Question 25

what is primary care

Answer 25

The first line of care when people see help for injury or illness

Question 26

what are primary prevention strategies aimed at?

Answer 26

maintaining health and wellbeing and preventing illness

Question 27

what is Upstream primary prevention

Answer 27

Activities at the community level
Eg. Developing educational materials to portray the benefits of nutrition or regular exercise to help individuals become health literate and make healthy choices

Question 28

examples of Primary prevention includes

Answer 28

• Offering encouragement for healthy individual choices

Lobbying local government to create conditions that support these choices

Question 29

Secondary/Midstream prevention

Answer 29

Appropriate treatment, protection from harm or disability after illness/injury

Question 30

examples of midstream prevention include

Answer 30

Preventative activities such as
- Screening for skin cancer
- Conduction mammography clinics
Establishing drop in centres for adolescents or isolated

Question 31

Tertiary/Downstream prevention

Answer 31

Rehabilitiation, coping , managing health and illness

Providing assistance or information to help people cope with a potentially disabling condition

Question 32

examples of tertiary prevention include

Answer 32

Assistance such as:

• Establishment of walking programs for those who have had a cardiac incident
• Support groups for family members coping with a loss
• Any measure that helps ensure continuity of care and health literacy

Question 33

Six primary categories of capacity building activities

Answer 33

1) Networking
2) Partnering
3) Information exchange
4) Prioritising
5) Planning/implementing
6) Supporting/sustaining

Question 34

what is Cultural sensitivity

Answer 34

Being responsive to the way an individual or group’s cultural mores and lifestyle habits shape health and health behaviours

Question 35

what is cultural safety

Answer 35

Is a concept that refers to exploring, reflecting on, and understanding one’s own culture and how it relates to other cultures

Question 36

What is a healthy community

Answer 36

One that has equitable access to resources, empowerment, cultural inclusiveness, healthy environments and participation in decision making

Question 37

What is health promotion a combination of

Answer 37

Health education and helping people arrange the social and structural circumstances of their lives to maintain health

Question 38

PHC principles focus on

Answer 38

Capacity building and empowerment of communities and those who reside in them

Question 39

What does the Ottawa charter provide guidelines for

Answer 39

Health promotion across all communities