Week 4 - Planning and promoting community health Flashcards
What is health promotion
A political, ecological and capacity building process, aimed at arranging the social and structural determinants of health in a what that facilitates health
The process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health (WHO 1986)
what are some health promotion activities
- Preventing illness/injury
- Promoting healthy living
- Responding to place-based conditions that affect health
- Advocating fro structural conditions to support people’s choices for health
- Ensuring there is appropriate care
describe public health
Aimed at preventing disease and promoting the health of populations.
- Measurement and surveillance
- Development of evidence based strategies
what is population health
Addresses disparities in health status between different groups
what is primary health care
A philosophy and an organising framework for care
define ‘old public health’
Biomedical approach
Guided by medical knowledge, political factors and the availability of financial and personal resources
Declaration of Alma-Alta 1978
New public health
Empowering people to have control over decisions that affected health in their families and communities
define new public health approach
Communities decide priorities and preferences for health from where people live, work and play.
Places the communities at the centre of health decision making
What were the objectives of the Ottawa charter
Clarify the conditions and resources required to provide health for all people and to define the prerequisites for health
- Peace
- Stable ecosystem
- Social justice and equity
- Resources (eduction, food, income etc)
What did the Ottawa Charter for Health promotion seek to achieve
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Emphasises the importance of promoting health at a global level and identifies the fundamental conditions and resources for community health
5 major strategies of the Ottawa Charter
1) Build healthy public policy
2) Create supportive environments
3) Strengthen community action
4) Develop personal skills
5) Reorient health services
define social justice
Aimed at overcoming inequalities (bias and disadvantage) and inequities (unfair distribution of health care and other resources) through action of the SDH at all levels of society
what did the Millennium Development Goals set out to achieve?
Address the effects of extreme poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter and exclusion, and were designed to promote education, gender equality and environmental sustainability of developing countries
what are the 8 Millennium Development Goals
1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2) Achieve universal primary education
3) Promote gender equitlity & empower women
4) Reduce child mortality
5) Improve maternal health
6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7) Ensure environmental sustainability
8) Develop a global partnership for development
Human security instead of national security
Securing food, income, health care, housing, education, peace and a viable and sustainable environment
what is a Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
A systematic approach to assessing the potential health impacts of policies, plans or projects on populations using a range of quantitative, qualitative and participatory techniques
what is Health Education
Knowledge + Capacity
As a health promotion strategy health education facilitates empowerment by showing people where to access appropriate, relevant information on health and how to use it to build health capacity
what is motivational interviewing
Encourages people to examine their actual and ideal health behaviours.
Is intended to support the partnership approach to health education as a way of building people’s confidence in their ability to change
Motivational Interviewing 4 steps
1) Engaging
2) Focusing
3) Evoking
4) Planning
Major element of health promotion
Preventing ill health or injury is an instrumental goal of Primary Health Care
Levels of prevention
1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Tertiary
what is primary prevention
Promote health by removing the precipitating causes and determinants of ill health or injury
Eg. Vaccination, education, promoting healthy lifestyle, protecting the physical, social and cultural environments
what is secondary prevention
- Steps taken to recover from illness
- to guard against any deterioration in health
- screening for early detections and treatment of disease
- any measure to limit disability
what is tertiary prevention
Restorative actions
- Rehabilitation
- Transitions to community care
Providing support
what is primary care
The first line of care when people see help for injury or illness
what are primary prevention strategies aimed at?
maintaining health and wellbeing and preventing illness
what is Upstream primary prevention
Activities at the community level
Eg. Developing educational materials to portray the benefits of nutrition or regular exercise to help individuals become health literate and make healthy choices
examples of Primary prevention includes
- Offering encouragement for healthy individual choices
Lobbying local government to create conditions that support these choices
Secondary/Midstream prevention
Appropriate treatment, protection from harm or disability after illness/injury
examples of midstream prevention include
Preventative activities such as
- Screening for skin cancer
- Conduction mammography clinics
Establishing drop in centres for adolescents or isolated
Tertiary/Downstream prevention
Rehabilitiation, coping , managing health and illness
Providing assistance or information to help people cope with a potentially disabling condition
examples of tertiary prevention include
Assistance such as:
- Establishment of walking programs for those who have had a cardiac incident
- Support groups for family members coping with a loss
- Any measure that helps ensure continuity of care and health literacy
Six primary categories of capacity building activities
1) Networking
2) Partnering
3) Information exchange
4) Prioritising
5) Planning/implementing
6) Supporting/sustaining
what is Cultural sensitivity
Being responsive to the way an individual or group’s cultural mores and lifestyle habits shape health and health behaviours
what is cultural safety
Is a concept that refers to exploring, reflecting on, and understanding one’s own culture and how it relates to other cultures
What is a healthy community
One that has equitable access to resources, empowerment, cultural inclusiveness, healthy environments and participation in decision making
What is health promotion a combination of
Health education and helping people arrange the social and structural circumstances of their lives to maintain health
PHC principles focus on
Capacity building and empowerment of communities and those who reside in them
What does the Ottawa charter provide guidelines for
Health promotion across all communities
