Week 6: UTI Flashcards
What are UTIs
common infections affecting the urinary affect
What is included in the urinary tract?
Kidney: starting point, responsible urine production
Calices: Within kidney, collects urine
Bladder: Storage for urine
Urethra: How urine exits
What part of the urinary tract does UTIs affect?
Can affect the entire urinary tract or specific parts
What are two types of UTIs?
Urethritis: infection in urethrea
Cytistis: Infection in the bladder
Why is it important to control the infection?
To prevent it from spreading upwards to the kidneys
What is Pyelonephritis?
Untreated or uncontrolled UTIs can ascend to kidneys causing infection
What does pyelo mean in pyelonephritis?
Pyelo = Renal pelvis
Nephritis means kidney inflammation
What is glomerulonephritis?
immunological kidney inflammation
Why are UTIs more common in women
Due to shorter urethra which facilitates easier access for bacteria
Which gender is cystitis more common in?
Women due to shorter urethra
What is prostate hyperplasia?
an enlargement of the prostate that occurs in older men leading to UTIs
What does the prostate surround?
Prostatic urethra
What does hyperplasia of the prostate cause?
Urine retention as hyperplasia can decrease the diameter of the urethra affecting urinary flow
What happens to retained urine?
Becomes alkaline favouring infections and stone formation
Why should recurrent cystitis and UTIs in men over 50 be looked at?
Because it could be a sign of prostate issues
What does vesicourethral valves do?
Prevent urine reflux by closing openings as the bladder fills
Where are vesicourethral valves (mucosal foldings) found in the urinary tract?
Junction of bladder and urethra
What can cause the valves to be impaired?
Infection and inflammation of the valves
Why is pyelonephritis difficult to treat?
antibiotics don’t penetrate the tissue well
If reflux occurs what happens?
pyelonephritis
What is the bladder mucosa lined with?
Transitional epithelium which is stratified epithelium that changes shape
What shapes does the bladder mucosa change to and when?
When bladder is emptying the epithelium is stratified
As bladder fills epithelium changes to simple cuboidal
