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Patho 2 > Week 10: Integumentary Disorders > Flashcards

Week 10: Integumentary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 types of flat, non palpable changes in skin colour, and what’s the difference between them?

A

Macules: small, up to 1 cm (freckle)
Patch: Larger than 1 cm

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2
Q

What are 2 types of palpable, elevated, solid masses?

A

Papule: Small, up to 1 cm
Plaque: Larger than 1 cm

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3
Q

What forms plaques?

A

Coalescence (fusion) of papules

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4
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

Inflammation of the skin due to an irritant or allergen.

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5
Q

What are common causes of contact dermatitis?

A

Chemicals (detergents, acids), latex, metals (gold, silver).

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of contact dermatitis?

A

Red macules/plaques, pain, itching, and swelling.

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7
Q

How is contact dermatitis treated?

A

Goes away as soon as the irritant is removed

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8
Q

What is atopic dermatitis?

A

Its an acute dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction, mostly inflammatory reaction

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9
Q

What causes atopic dermatitis?

A

Genetic factors, allergens, immune system overreaction.

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10
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with atopic dermatitis?

A

Can be Type I (immediate) or Type IV (delayed).

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11
Q

What is poison ivy dermatitis?

A

An acute dermatitis that is hypersensitive and immune origin

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12
Q

What does poison ivy have that causes a hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Has a resin that produces the reaction

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13
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is poison ivy dermatitis?

A

Either type 1 (immediate) or 4 (delayed) or a combination of both

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14
Q

What is the S&S of poison ivy dermatitis?

A

Plaques that have erythema, edema, and itch a lot

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15
Q

What is urticaria?

A

An acute dermatitis with an allergic response, starts in one place then disseminates in many different areas

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16
Q

What is urticaria similar to?

A

Hives

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17
Q

What causes urticaria?

A

When a person comes into contact with something they’re allergic to, can be in one area or multiple areas

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18
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

An acute dermatitis associated with the seborrheic glands (armpits, face, genitals)

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19
Q

What are the functions of seborrheic glands?

A

To produce oily substance that lubricates the skin

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20
Q

What happens to the glands in seborrheic dermatitis?

A

They get inflamed or don’t work (happens when ppl age or have dry skin)

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21
Q

More specifically what happens to the glands, what do they look like in seborrheic dermatitis?

A

The oily substance becomes very dry, keratin starts scaling which weakens the epithelium/epidermis causing redness and inflammation

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22
Q

How can you identify seborrheic dermatitis?

A

By the white scaling and is present in areas where seborrheic glands are supposed to function

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23
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Creams or oily coating that’ll replace the seborrheic secretion

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24
Q

What is Psoriasis?

A

A chronic dermatitis with an immunologic origin

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25
What does psoriasis look like?
Macules and plaques typically in the arms, elbows, and legs with white scaling (squamous keratinocytes)
26
Why does scaling happen in psoriasis?
There's not enough blood supply causing the skin to thin out and form scales
27
How can you identify psoriasis?
The pattern is predictable of Macules and papules that converge with each other
28
What is the treatment for psoriasis?
Immunosuppressants
29
What is the problem with psoriasis?
Even though it develops with time, it reoccurs
30
What is systemic lupus erythematosus?
Chronic dermatitis with type 3 hypersensitivity, its a systemic disease
31
Why is systemic lupus erythematosus, a systemic disease?
since its caused by a circulating immune complex which affects the skin, joints, kidneys and lungs
32
Why is it called lupus?
Because it was originally described when people would have erythema and inflammation in the face
33
Where does the erythema happen in systemic lupus erythematosus?
In the face, arms and different areas all at the same time
34
What causes systemic lupus erythematosus to flare up?
UV light or sunlight
35
What else can systemic lupus erythematosus cause?
Nephritis, arthritis, Raynauds phenomenon (small vessels that produces blue fingertips) and heart problems
36
What does lupus look like?
Macules with redness and erythema especially in areas with sun exposure
37
What gender is lupus more commonly found in?
Women and young adults
38
What is acne?
A skin inflection if the sebaceous glands that are associated with the hair follicles
39
What kind of bacterial infection is acne?
Transient bacterial infection (temporary)
40
How does acne form?
As teenagers, the skin evolves and pores open causing bacteria to enter easily Localized infection occurs in each sebaceous glands forming pustules Pustules will become filled with pus and eventually rupture
41
How does acne disseminate easily?
When the pustules rupture as they have bacteria inside of them The hair follicles communicate with the surface of the skin
42
What is a furuncle?
Bacterial skin infection where pustules get bigger and continue to grow
43
What causes a furuncle?
Multi drug bacteria or bacteria that the body can't get rid of on its own
44
What is cellulitis?
When the furuncle/bacterial infection gets under the epidermis and starts disseminating sideways
45
How are furuncles treated?
Usually on its own or can be drained
46
What does cellulitis look like?
Has erythema and heat Goes proximal and distal to the original lesion
47
What can cellulitis cause?
Due to it disseminating very fast, it can cause necrosis or flesh eating disease or ulcers
48
What can cellulitis lead to if not treated quickly?
Amputations if its not responding to anitbiotics
49
What treatment is given with a person with cellulitis?
Aggressive IV antibiotics to avoid severe lesions
50
What is Impetigo?
A superficial skin infection caused by strep and bacteria
51
What can touching impetigo do?
Can cause it to transmit bacteria to other areas
52
What does impetigo look like and how is it treated?
Local exudative leisions treated by antibiotics
53
What is herpes simplex?
A viral skin infection that's formed by vesicles
54
What does herpes simplex look like?
Vesicles that grow in the epidermis causing a bubble appearance
55
What is each bubble made of in herpes simplex?
Vesicles that have converged
56
What is inside each vesicle?
Fluid that's full of viruses that are replicating in the keratinocytes and all new viral particles
57
Why is herpes simplex contagious?
The vesicles can break and release fluid that's full of virus
58
When is herpes simplex most transmissible?
When its flaring
59
Where are vesicles present in herpes simplex?
more commonly in the mucosa
60
Why is herpes simplex very painful?
It follows the nerves and is neurotropic (hides in neurons and axons)
61
How does herpes simplex go away?
With or without antivirals
62
What population is herpes zoster commonly present in?
Older adults
63
What is herpes zoster?
A viral skin infection with lesions that are vesicles ( called shingles) Also follows the nerve
64
What does measles, rubella and chicken pox have in common?
All are viral infections in children
65
What is measles?
Highly contagious viral infection that disseminates the whole skin and mucosa
66
In children who are immunosuppressed, what can measles cause?
Pneumonia
67
What is rubella similar to?
Measles
68
What is chicken pox?
Viral infection with vesicles that rupture and forms crust and disseminates in many different areas
69
What causes chicken pox?
Herpes
70
When is chicken pox not contagious?
When there's only crust and healing
71
What is tinea?
Mycotic infection in the skin (fungus)
72
What are the 3 types of tinea?
Pedis (feet) Capitis (head) Corporis (rest of the body)
73
What does the 3 type of tinea cause?
Pedis = athletes foot Capitis = Hair loss Corporis = itchy plaques
74
What is important about mycotic infections (fungus) (tinea)
Fungi are not aggressive they can infect and stain the skin Grows in areas that are warm and humid
75
How is tinea treated?
Antipycotics
76
What is candidiasis?
Fungus that causes infections especially in immunosuppressed individuals
77
What can candidiasis cause in children?
mucosal infections
78
Where can candidiasis occur under?
the nails, resulting in the nail lifting

Patho 2 (18 decks)

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