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Fundementals In Genetics And Evolution > Week 6- Translation > Flashcards

Week 6- Translation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases?

A

Catalyze the linkage of amino acids to tRNA

There are 36 distinct tRNA species per cell.

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2
Q

What is the typical length of tRNA?

A

70-80 nucleotides long

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3
Q

What are two examples of modified bases found in tRNA?

A
  • Pseudouridine
  • Dihydrouridine
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4
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes composed of?

A
  • RNA
  • Proteins
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5
Q

What are the three stages of translation?

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
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6
Q

What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation initiation?

A

Aligns mRNA with 30S ribosomal 16S rRNA

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7
Q

What cap structure do eukaryotic mRNAs bind to during translation initiation?

A

5’ 7-methylguanosine cap

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8
Q

List the initiation factors for prokaryotic translation.

A
  • IF1
  • IF2
  • IF3
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9
Q

List the initiation factors for eukaryotic translation.

A
  • eIF1
  • eIF1A
  • eIF2
  • eIF2B
  • eIF3
  • eIF4A
  • eIF4B
  • eIF4E
  • eIF4G
  • eIF4H
  • eIF5
  • eIF5B
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10
Q

What is the first step in prokaryotic translation initiation?

A

Initiation factors bind to 30S subunit with mRNA and fMet-tRNA

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11
Q

What is the overall requirement for translation initiation in prokaryotes?

A
  • mRNA
  • amino-acyl tRNA (fMet)
  • ribosome
  • GTP
  • 3 protein factors
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12
Q

What is the structure of the ribosome in eukaryotes?

A

80S ribosome consisting of 40S and 60S subunits

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13
Q

What are the three tRNA binding sites in the ribosome?

A
  • P (peptidyl)
  • A (aminoacyl)
  • E (exit)
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14
Q

What is the role of eEF1a during elongation in eukaryotes?

A

Facilitates entry of amino acyl tRNA into the A site

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15
Q

What happens during the peptide bond formation step in elongation?

A

Carboxyl end of amino acid at P-site is bonded to free amino group of amino acid at A-site

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16
Q

What is the role of eEF2 in elongation?

A

Facilitates the shift of ribosome along mRNA

17
Q

What occurs when a stop codon is reached during translation?

A

Release factors bind to the A-site

18
Q

What is the result of hydrolysis during termination?

A

Polypeptide chain is released from tRNA in P site

19
Q

What is the overall topic overview of gene expression covered?

A
  • Transcription
  • mRNA processing
  • Translation
  • Control of gene expression
20
Q

Fill in the blank: The release factors in prokaryotes are RF1, RF2, and _______.

A

RF3

21
Q

True or False: The process of elongation is the same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A

False

Fundementals In Genetics And Evolution (12 decks)

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