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Fundementals In Genetics And Evolution > Week 5 - Translation > Flashcards

Week 5 - Translation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA – RNA - Protein

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2
Q

What are the main processes involved in gene expression?

A
  • Transcription
  • mRNA processing
  • Translation
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3
Q

What is the primary function of RNA polymerases?

A

Incorporate nucleotides into strand of RNA from a DNA template

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4
Q

What is the structure of bacterial RNA polymerase?

A
  • Two alpha subunits
  • One beta subunit
  • One beta prime subunit
  • One omega subunit
  • One sigma subunit
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5
Q

What are the conserved sequence regions in prokaryotic promoters?

A
  • -35 element
  • -10 element (Pribnow box)
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6
Q

How does transcription initiation occur in prokaryotes?

A

Sigma subunit interacts with -35 and -10 promoter elements, polymerase unwinds DNA and transcription begins

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7
Q

What signals transcription termination in prokaryotes?

A

A G-C rich inverted repeat followed by 7 A residues

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8
Q

What is one alternative method of transcription termination in prokaryotes?

A

Termination protein (Rho)

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9
Q

How many subunits does yeast RNA polymerase II have?

A

12-17 subunits

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10
Q

What is the role of TFIID in eukaryotic transcription?

A

Binds to promoter consensus sequences and initiates transcription

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11
Q

What modifications occur during eukaryotic mRNA processing?

A
  • 5’ cap addition
  • 3’ poly A tail addition
  • Intron splicing
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12
Q

What is the purpose of the 5’ cap in eukaryotic mRNA?

A

Stabilizes mRNA and plays a role in translation initiation

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13
Q

What enzyme cleaves pre-mRNA downstream of the AAUAAA sequence?

A

Endonuclease

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14
Q

What is the function of poly-A polymerase?

A

Adds a poly-A tail to the 3’ end of mRNA

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15
Q

What complex removes introns from pre-mRNA?

A

Spliceosome complex

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16
Q

What are the components of the spliceosome complex?

A
  • Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)
  • Small nuclear ribonuclear particles (snRNPs)
17
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

A

Interpret the mRNA code and facilitate protein synthesis

18
Q

What are the sites available on a ribosome for tRNA binding?

A
  • A site
  • P site
  • E site
19
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of linking an amino acid to tRNA is catalyzed by _______.

A

[aminoacyl tRNA synthetases]

20
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic mRNAs undergo processing before translation.

A

True

21
Q

What is the function of the ribosomal RNA in ribosomes?

A

Provides structural scaffold and catalytic activity

22
Q

What is the typical length of tRNA molecules?

A

70-80 nucleotides long

23
Q

What is the significance of the AAUAAA sequence in mRNA processing?

A

It signals the site for cleavage by endonuclease

Fundementals In Genetics And Evolution (6 decks)

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