Week 6 Review Flashcards
Immortals
Persian elite troops that were led around pass of the hot gates by a traitor
Mardonius
Persian general that ravaged Attica
Thermopylae
One key choke point the Hellenic league attempts to stop Xerxes invasion as they descended
- Incredible stand at this pass
Salamis
- Greek fleet regroups post-Thermopylae
- Persian fleet lured into the hot gates at Salamis
- Themistokles and Aristides defeat persian fleet
- Xerxes withdraws to Anatolia while they regroup during the winter in Boiotia and Thessaly
Plataiai
Final land battle during the second invasion of Greece
- Hellenic league led by Spartan general Pausanias
- Heavy losses from both sides
Mycale
The battle that destroyed the remainder of the persian fleet
Artemisium
Other choke-point that the Greeks used to halt Persia’s descent
- naval engagement with inconclusive results, although greek troops retreated
Himera
Battle in Sicily
- Tyrany Gelon of Gela and Syracuse vs. the Carthaginians and some greek allies
- Salamis and Himera happened simultaneously
Leonidas
Spartan King, festival dedicated to him called Leonideia
Themistokles
Defeat of persian fleet in Battle of Salamis
Gelon
Tyrant of Gela and Syracuse involved in Battle of Himera
Pausanias
Hellenic league led by Spartan general in Battle of Plataia
Delian League
Aim was to include all-greeks and was the heir to the hellenic league
- aimed to free the greeks and combat Persia
- contributions paid by allies in ships or in cash to a collective war fund
- Athens was the leader (hegemon)
“Fifty-year period” or Pentekontaetia
First book of Thucydides’ history
- a period of squabbles between the second invasion of Persia and the Peloponnesian war
Hellenotamiai
Treasurers of the greeks and collected the funds from the Delian league
- Aristides the original head
Cleruchy
Greek colony where settlers kept their original citizenship and did not form an independent community
Reforms of Ephialtes
Ephialtes a radical democrat
- diminishes the power of Areopagus
- installed a judicial system with the boule (council, ekklesia (assembly), and the Heliaia (court)
Pericles’ citizenship law
Male and female citizens required both parents to be Athenian in order to claim Athenian citizenship (not just the father)
Thirty years’ peace
Negotiated between Athens and Sparta
- both forces allowed to be the hegemon of their respective leagues
- standard duration for peace treaty
Liturgy
Richest members of Greek city-states contributed to the state financially
Trierarchy
Financing a trireme
Tribute lists
Stelai (stone pillars) inscribed with details of financial tributes
Thucydides
Writer that believed in observation and inquiry
- Details the thirty years peace
Cimon
Son of general Militiades
- Was a very prominent figure in Athens after establishing a cleruchy in Scyros
- Wins a naval battle against the persians at the Eurymedon river
- prevents Persia from making further advances in the Aegean
Hiero
Fights against the Etruscans of Southern Italy in defense of Syracuse
Delos
Capital of the delian league
- birthplace of Apollo and main sanctuary of the god
Amphipolis
Involved in Athenian expansion during thirty years peace
- Colony implanted in Thrace
Thurii
Involved in Athenian expansion during thirty years peace
- Greek colony in Italy
Skyros
Location of the cleruchy established by Cimon
Naxos
One of the first revolts of the Delian league
- Were forced to pay in cash rather than in ships as a result
Eyrymedon river
The location of the persian naval battle that Cimon successfully won
Argos
Megara allied with Argos
Samos
At the end of thirty years peace there was a revolt
Byzantion
Besieged by Sparta during Peloponnesian war and transferred the power to Sparta
- near the end of thirty years peace, there was a revolt
Syracuse
Hiero’s death resulted in the domination of Syracuse and its independence
Pindar
Composed epinician odes
- lyrical poem celebrating athletic victory
- believes athlete becomes like a god in victory, but not quite
- important to retain humility
Simonides of Keos
Famous for his commemorative poetry
Bacchylides of Keos
Simonides’ student or nephew?
- Composed epinician odes and dithyramb
Athenian treasury at Delphi
temple-like building used to store dedications and to display the wealth and authority of the offering city
Charioteer of Delphi
Victor of the chariot racing of the Pythian games
- considered rigid form of late Archaic art
Red-figure pottery
Popular form of Athenian pottery that contained advancements in Athenian art
Discobolus (disk-thrower)
Depictions of a discobolus signify deeper developments in Greek art and a movement towards naturalism
Lapiths
Related to West Pediment of The Temple of Zeus at Olympia
- representation of a clash involving lapiths (heroic humans)
Centaurs
Related to West Pediment of The Temple of Zeus at Olympia
- Represents barbaroi in a clash
Dithyramb
Wild choral song dedicated to Dionysos
Epinician ode
Lyrical poem about human athletic victory coined by Pindar
Elegy
- Elegy: longer poem, meant to arouse pity (pathos) and celebrate the dead
- Related to Simonides of Keos
Epigram
Related to Simonides of Keos
- Succinct or pithy version of an elegy
Megara
Becomes allied with Athens instead of Peloponnesian league during the prelim/first Peloponnesian war
