Week 5 Review Flashcards
Croesus of Lydia
Final Lydian king the persians defeated in 547/6 BC
Cyrus II (The Great)
Founder of Achaemenid empire, defeated Croesus of Lydia, known for Cyrus Cylinder and the cuneiform script that details his legitimacy and power
Cambyses
Son of Cyrus II, organized conquest of Egypt, however Herodotus claimed he was mad
- died prematurely and without an heir
Darius
Defeated Cambyses’ younger brother Bardiya in race for succession, built up the city
Persepolis
Literally “persian city”
Sardis
Lydian capital that fell and became a persian stronghold through CYRUS II
Royal Road
Network of roads across persian empire that enabled communication on horseback
Herodotus of Halikarnassos
Author 50 years post-persian conquests, was fascinated by the customs of others
Satrap
Provincial governor in the Persian empire
Darics or archers
Persian gold coins, inscribed with an archer, and used by Greek city-states as highest coin denomination
Nemesis
Divine retribution
Hybris
Arrogance or disrespect of the gods
Ionian revolt
- Led by Aristagoras in an attempt to install democracy
- Persians fully conquer Ionia in the aftermath
Hellenic League
Greek alliance including Sparta and Corinth during the Persian wars
Xerxes
Son of Darius
Aristagoras of Miletos
Leader and tyrant of Miletos that led the Ionian revolt alongside Artaphernes
Datis
One of the Persian leaders in the Battle of Marathon
Artaphernes
Co-leader of unsuccessful persian fleet in Battle of Marathon
Mardonius
Persian military commander tat encouraged Xerxes to invade Greece
Marathon
The Battle that the Persians had to retreat - pushed into the bay and nearby marshes by Aristides
Militiades
Aristocrat that served as archon and participated in Ionian revolt
Themistokles
Strategos involved in Battle of Marathon: promoted a naval strategy
Aristides
Strategos involved in Battle of Marathon: promoted inward social reform
Trireme
Type of war ship promoted for use by Themistocles
