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CLST 200 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What foreign sophist did Socrates interact with?

A

Gorgias

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2
Q

What accusations were part of Socrates’ trial?

A
  • Impiety
  • Introducing new gods (daimonion)
  • Corrupting the youth
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3
Q

Which two philosophers wrote an apologia (defense of the trial)? Regarding Socrates’

A

Xenophon and Plato

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3
Q

How did Sparta establish hegemony in the Greek world after the peloponnesian war?

A
  • decarchies and garrisons
  • The Corinthian War
  • The King’s Peace
  • Their invasion of Asia Minor
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4
Q

What are neodamodes?

A

Helots freed in Sparta with limited rights

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5
Q

What are mothakes?

A

Children of Spartan farmers and helot mothers

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6
Q

What are the events of The Corinthian War?

A
  • Timocrates from Rhodes sent by Persian satraps to encourage war on Sparta
    (as a consequence King Agesilaus II is forced to abandon expedition)
  • Lysander is killed in initial fighting
  • Persian funded fleet led by Conon, an Athenian general brought on the Battle of Cnidus
  • The King’s Peace
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7
Q

What is the King’s Peace?

A
  • Ultimatum sent to Athens and Sparta by Artaxerxes II, threatens war if they do not agree
  • Persia “wins” this conflict
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8
Q

Who is the phoenician founder of Boiotia?

A

Cadmus

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9
Q

What two myths surround Thebes?

A

Oedipus Cycle and Seven Against Thebes

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10
Q

Which Theban aristocrats help to dispel Spartan garrison from Thebes?

A

Epaminodas and Pelopidas

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11
Q

What is The Sacred Band?

A

3rd Boiotian League led by Thebes
- 300 elites warriors, 150 male couples
- Takes part in the Battle of Leuctra which defeats the Spartans

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12
Q

Where is the capital of Arcadia built?

A
  • the Megalopolis
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13
Q

What are three examples of evolving military technology?

A

Peltasts: mobile troops of javelin and sling throwers
Gastraphetes: “stomach-thrower”
Catapults: for long missiles and larger projectiles like boulders

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14
Q

Who used the peltast for the first time?

A

Iphicrates

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15
Q

How did Athens rebound from Spartan occupation?

A
  • Thrasybulus begins to rebuild long-walls
  • Conon return to Athens after success at Cnidus and fortifies with the persian funds
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16
Q

What were the new stipulations of the second athenian league? Which two important players joined this league?

A
  • all members were to remain independent
  • all members received a vote in a council (synedrion) based in Athens
  • all members are required to pay contributions (syntaxeis) to a collective fund for allied fleet
  • Thebes and Boiotia
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17
Q

What ends Thebes overseas expedition?

A
  • Manitinea revolts from the Arcadian League
  • Battle of Mantinea follows
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18
Q

Which satrap is responsible for the name of the mausoleum?

A

Mausolus

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19
Q

Which king first ascends the throne of Macedon?

A

Philip II

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20
Q

What body of water does Macedon surround?

A

Thermaic Gulf

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21
Q

What is polygyny?

A

In Macedon aristocratic women could vie for legitimacy and political power on behalf of male heirs

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22
Q

What is the descendance of the argead dynasty?

A
  • from Herakles through the city of Argos
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23
Q

What are hetairoi?

A

Friends of companions of the king

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24
Q

What is philhellene?

A

An outside “fond of the greeks”

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25
Q

What sources of Philip II are there?

A

Theopompus of Chios, later sources like Polybius

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26
Q

What is the sarisa?

A

Long pike developed from Macedonian hunting spear

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27
Q

What is pezhetairoi?

A

Status of sarisa wielder, lit. “companions on foot”

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28
Q

What are the events of the third sacred war?

A

League of Phocis conquers and plunders Delphi
- Battle of Crocus Field, defeat of Phocus and Philip II

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29
Q

What is the new treasure called after Athens reopens the mines of Laurion?

A

Theoric Fund

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30
Q

What is Demosthenes warning against Philip II called?

A

First, Second, and Third Philippic

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31
Q

Who did Aristotle study under?

A

As a metic under Plato

32
Q

Where does Aristotle relocate after Philip destroys Stagira?

A

Pella to teach Alexander III

33
Q

What is the Peace of Philocrates?

A

Peace treaty between Athens and Macedon that Athens ends up rejecting

34
Q

Why does Athens reject the Peace of Philocrates?

A

Demosthenes’ provocations

35
Q

Which battle are Athens and Thebes defeated at?

A

Battle of Chaeronea

36
Q

What marks the tombs of the Thebans and the Sacred Band?

A

the Lion of Chaeronea

37
Q

What is a tumulus with a mass grave called?

A

Polyandrion

38
Q

Where are the tombs of the Argeads located?

A

Great Tumulus at Aegae/Vergina

39
Q

Which argead is assassinated at a wedding?

A

Philip II

40
Q

What events mark the beginning to end of the classical period?

A

End of persian wars –> death of Alexander

41
Q

Who are the important historians of the classical and hellenistic period?

A

Arrian and Plutarch

42
Q

What is the large body of legendary stories about Alexander III called?

A

Alexander Romance

43
Q

Who is the senior general appointed regent under Alexander III?

A

Antipater

44
Q

What are hyspastists?

A

The royal guard

45
Q

What was the propaganda surrounding Alexander during the crossing of the hellespont?

A

He was emulating Achilles

46
Q

Details of the city of Alexandria?

A

Founded as a Greek colony, independent of satrapy of Egypt

47
Q

What is the legend of gordion?

A

The gordion know that was untied by Alexander

48
Q

Key event of the Battle of Arbela/Gaugamela?

A

Capture of Persepolis and Pasargadae

49
Q

How does Alexander present himself as the new legitimate king of Persia?

A

Adopts proskynesis (obedience to the king)
- arrian was particularly against the adoption of this custom

50
Q

What is the decree of 324 BC?

A

Prescribes the return of greek mercenaries, older Macedonians, and some exiles to their home cities

51
Q

What were the susa weddings?

A

Marriages organized between Macedonian hetairoi and Persian noble women

52
Q

What is the name of Alexander’s half-brother and the heir to the throne?

A

Philip III Arrhidaeus

53
Q

Who is the joint king with Philip III Arrhidaeus and who is his mother?

A
  • Alexander IV
  • Roxane of Sogdiana
54
Q

What is the order of succession following Alexander’s death?

A
  • Perdiccas, then Antipater
  • then the satrapies are reassigned to Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Antigonus the One-Eyed
55
Q

How are the satrapies reassigned?

A
  • Egypt goes to Ptolemy
  • Thrace to Lysimachus
  • Central Anatolia to Antigonus Monopthalmus (the “one-eyed”)
56
Q

Events of the Lamian War?

A

Greek mercenaries sent home and revolt of Greek cities

57
Q

Outcomes of the Lamian War?

A

League of Corinth abolished, Athens directly administered by Macedon; Demosthenes commits suicide

58
Q

Events of the wars of the diadochoi?

A

Agreement of Triparadisus
- Antipater is maintained as regent
- Seleucus is granted Babylonia
During third war
- Antigonus, who is now the most powerful, makes a declaration of theoretical “freedom” for the Greek cities
- Peace of 311 BC between major players

59
Q

Setup of the satrapies geographically?

A

Ptolemaios west, Antigonos central north, seleukos central east

60
Q

Events of the fourth war?

A

Siege of Salamis in Cyprus
- Demetrius (Antigonus’ son) becomes known as Poliorketes “the besieger”
- Antigonus is proclaimed king, becoming the Antigonid dynasty

61
Q

Which kings follow Antigonus’ way during the fourth war?

A
  • Cassander
  • Lysimachus
  • Ptolemy
  • Seleucus
62
Q

What battle does Lysimachus die in?

A

The Battle of Corupedium

63
Q

What battle does Seleucus die in and by who?

A

Battle of Corupedium
- Ptolemy Keraunos (the Thunderbolt)

64
Q

What is philadelphoi and who?

A

“sibling-lovers”
- Arsinoe and Ptolemy II

65
Q

What were viewed invasions by the Greeks?

A

Galatian migrations

66
Q

How is the Antigonid dynasty reestablished?

A

Antigonus II (“knee-knocker”) has successes against the Galatians

67
Q

What is the “Pyrrhic Victory”?

A

Several battle against Rome that were generally successful, but with heavy losses
- “won at too great a cost to have been worthwhile for the victor”

68
Q

What are the big three kingdoms?

A
  • The Ptolemies
  • The Seleucids
  • The Antigonids
69
Q

What was the Ptolemaic kingdom known for?

A
  • multicultural population
  • Mystery Cult of Isis
  • the god Sarapis and the mixing together of Greek and Egyptian religion “sarapis”
  • Ruler-cult: “Theoi Philadelphoi,” sibling-loving Gods
70
Q

What were the two major projects of the cosmopolis?

A

Lighthouse and Museum + its associated Library of Alexandria

71
Q

Key aspects of the seleucid kingdom?

A
  • Cult of Fortune
  • City of Antioch on the Orontes
72
Q

Characteristics of Early Hellenistic Art?

A
  • accessibility
  • idealisation, realism, and the expression of emotion
73
Q

Key person in new comedy and the style?

A

Menander
- stereotypical characters deriving from “old comedy”

74
Q

Two philosophical beliefs of hellenistic Athens?

A

Stoicism and epicureanism

75
Q

What is stoicism?

A
  • wise man that engages with the rational
76
Q

What is epicureanism?

A

Happiness lies in moderation

77
Q

What is the rosetta stone?

A

Trilingual decree of hieroglyphs of an official group of Egyptian priests

CLST 200 (10 decks)

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