Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulm > Week 6 Pulmonary Pharma > Flashcards

Week 6 Pulmonary Pharma Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two biggest indications for drugs

A

reduce bronchospasm

reduce inflammatory allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some other indications for using drugs

A

reduce mucus production

treat bacterial infection and improve oxygen. Laos, cough suppression and smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the sympathetic system cause in terms of airway diameter?

A

bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the SNS increases ___ which dos what to airways

A

cAMP and bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two ways the SNS cause bronchodilation

A

smooth muscle relaxation, and inhibition of mast cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the PNS causes ___ by increasing ____

A

bronchoconstriction by increasing cGMP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the PNS causes bronchoconstriction by what two mechanisms?

A

smooth muscle constriction

facilitation of mast cells (inflammatory response and mucus production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how are pulmonary drugs usually administered

A

inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the benefits of the metered dose inhaler (MDI) and the dry powder inhaler (DPI)

A

rapid delivery and absorption
large SA
delivered directly to the tissues
less systemic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the limitations of MDI and DPI

A

can’t predict dosages
delivery depends on inspiratory flow
can irritate tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

whats the difference between inhaled and orally administered drugs.

A

orally, you need to digest it. so 80-90% of the drug is digested with the first pass metabolism, need higher dose
inhalation: goes right to lungs, bypasses the GI system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the correct usage of the inhalers

A
  • shake for 2-5 seconds
  • breathe out all the way
  • start breathing in slowly through your mouth, and press the inhaler 1 times
  • keep breathing in as slow and deep as you can
  • hold breath and count to 10
  • wait one minute for next puff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TF: you need to brush your teeth after using the inhaler

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a spacer

A

AKA aerosol-holding chambers, add on devices, that slow the delivery of medication from the pressurized MDI. it will improve the delivery of medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in what patient population and what kind of drug are spacers used for

A

corticosteroids, and younger patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a nebulizer

A

mix the drugs with air to form a fine mist, that is inhaled through a mask and prolonged the delivery of medication (10 minutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TF: it is conclusive that nebulizers improve delivery of medication to distal bronchial

A

fasle, inconclusive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what populations are the nebulizers used

A

young patients and those in acute stress, you cannot use an MDI right.

19
Q

TF: epinephrine is a bronchodilator

A

yes

20
Q

what kind of drug class is an Epi-pen

A

non specific beta agonist.

21
Q

TF: HR and BP will drop when you use an Epi-pen

A

true, because it is a non-specific beta agonist, so will target other tissues

22
Q

when and how is an epi-pen delivered, and how long does it last

A

to anaphylaxis and IM, usually 3-15 minutes.

23
Q

what kind of drug is a adrenergic agonist bronchodilator

A

beta 2 specific agonists.

24
Q

what are the two types of beta 2 specific agonists.

A

SABA (short acting: rescue)

LABA (long acting: maintenance)

25
Q

what are SABA (names, time to effect, duration)

A

short acting recuse inhalers. like albuterol (ventolin)usually takes 5-15 minutes to go into effect and lasts 3-6 hours.

26
Q

what are LABA (names, time to effect, duration)

A

long acting maintenance. salmeterol (serevent). time to effect is 10-20 minutes but lasts 12 hours.

27
Q

before a sporting event, would you take a SABA or LABA

A

SABA

28
Q

what are the side effects of beta 2 specific agonists

A

tachy, tremors, nervousness, restlessness, weight loss

29
Q

what are cholinergic antagonists (anti-cholinergic)

A

they block the muscarine receptors in the bronchioles (LAMA). long acting muscarinic antagonists.

30
Q

cholinergic antagonists are the drug of choice for what condition

A

COPD

31
Q

are cholinergic antagonists absorbed well into the blood stream

A

no

32
Q

what are some drug names of cholinergic antagonists drugs

A

ipratropium (Atrovent)

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

33
Q

what is combivent

A

a combination of ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate. you get benefits of both LAMA and SABA

34
Q

what do methylaxanthines do

A

inhibit phosodiesterase enzyme (PDE). also, increases cAMP and may act as an adenosine antagonist.

35
Q

what are common examples of methylaxanthines

A

theophylline, theobromine (think chocolate and dogs), caffeine.

36
Q

what are side effects of methylaxanthines

A

tachy, HA, irritability, restlessness. Theophylline toxicity: arrhythmia and seizures.

37
Q

what are glucocorticoids.

A

anti-inflammatory .

38
Q

how do glucocorticoids work

A

they control inflammation mediated bronchospasm. inhibit the production of pre-inflammatory products and decrease vascular permeability, immunosuppression and increase the effects of beta agonists.

39
Q

why would you use inhaled glucocorticoids, and what are some examples

A

long term maintenance of asthma.

budenoside (pulmicort), beclemethasone (belcovent), fluticasone (Flovent)

40
Q

why would you use oral glucocorticoids, and what are some examples

A

acute infections, exacerbations, 1-3x/week like prednisone.

41
Q

why would you use IV glucocorticoids, and what are some examples

A

severe asthma attacks, or respiratory distress. methylprednisone (medrol).

42
Q

what are side effects of glucocorticoids.

A

hyperglycemia, HTN, osteoporosis, myopathy, mood swings,

43
Q

name two examples of combination dugs of steroids and LABA

A
  • symbicort (budesonide and fromoterol)

- advair (fluticasone, salmeterol)

Cardiopulm (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions