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Cardiopulm > Exam 2 WTF Pharma > Flashcards

Exam 2 WTF Pharma Flashcards

1
Q

sympathetic NS causes bronchial…

A

dilation, through an increase in cAMP. smooth muscle relaxes, and the mast cells are inhibited

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2
Q

parasympathetic causes bronchial…

A

construction through an increase in cGMP. smooth muscle construction with mast cell facilitation

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3
Q

what is MDI or DPI

A

meters dose inhaler or dry powder inhaler that delivers medication directly to lung tissue. this is because there is no first pass ( as when you would take something orally)

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4
Q

what are the three limitations of using an MDI/DPI

A

you can’t predict the exact dose
it depends on inspiratory flow
can irritate tissues, cause fibrosis

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5
Q

what is the proper usage of an inhaler

A

take a deep breathe in and out. then slowly breath in, with inhaler, hold 10 seconds. then repeat in one minute

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6
Q

what is it called when you use a long aresol holding chamber that delays delivery of medication in a young kid on inhaled corticosteroids

A

spacer

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7
Q

this thing is used to mix medications with fine air, that makes a fine mist, and prolongs delivery for about 10 minutes

A

nebulizer

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8
Q

adrenergic agonists work on the…

A

SNS

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9
Q

cholinergic antagonists work on the…

A

PNS

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10
Q

what is an epi-pen

A

epinephrine that is a non-specific beta agonist, which will work on the heart and lungs, HR and BP will drop, but bronchodilation will happen to

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11
Q

what are SABA and LABA

A

these are specific beta agonists, or the adrenergic agonists that work on the SNS

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12
Q

what is the difference between a SABA and LABA

A

short acting, takes about 5-15 minutes and can last up to 6 hours, where as the LABA is a duration of about 12 hours. The SABA would be used for a flare up, or before a game. LABA is long term and maintenance

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13
Q

what is albuterol (ventolin)

A

a SABA

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14
Q

what is salmeterol (serevent)

A

LABA

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15
Q

what is a LAMA

A

a cholinergic antagonist, that works in the PNS

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16
Q

is a SABA, LABA, LAMA the drugs of choice in COPD

A

LAMA

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17
Q

can a LAMA be used for asthma,

A

not really

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18
Q

TF: there are less side execs with the LAMA then beta agonists? why?

A

true, because they are not well absorbed by the blood

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19
Q

what is ipratropium (atrovent)

A

LAMA

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20
Q

what is tiotropium (spiriva)

A

LAMA

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21
Q

what is combivent

A

ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (SABA and LAMA)

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22
Q

what is methylaxanthines

A

this is something that will inhibit phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) and increase cAMP so there will be increased bronchodilation as by the SNS.

23
Q

what are some examples of methylaxanthines

A

theophylline, theobromine, and caffeine

24
Q

glucocorticoids have 5 effects, what are they

A
  1. control inflammation mediated bronchospasm
  2. inhibit pro-inflammatory products
  3. decrease vascular permeability
  4. immunosuppression
  5. increases the effects of beta agonists.
25
Q

what is budenoside (plumicort), beclemethasone (belcovent) and fluticasone (Flovent)

A

theses are inhaled long term glucocorticoids for asthma

26
Q

what is prednisone

A

an oral glucocorticoid for acute infections, exacerbation

27
Q

what is methylprednisone (medrol)

A

IV use for severe asthma attacks.

28
Q

what is symbicort ( ___ + ____) and advair (___ + ____)

A

these are steroids and LABA
symbicort (budesonide and formoterol)
advair (fluticasone and salmeterol)

29
Q

why would you use a leukotriene inhibitor

A

airway hyper responsiveness, inflammation, SM hypertrophy and mucus secretion

30
Q

what is montelukast (Singulair)

A

this is a leukotriene inhibitor

31
Q

what drug will enhance glucocorticoids

A

leukotriene inhibitors

32
Q

what is pirfenidone (esbreit) and nintendanib (ofev)

A

pulmonary fibrosis medications that inhibits fibrosis and scarring of the lungs. there is no fibroblast proliferation

33
Q

antihistamines block the H1 receptors…. so what does this mean

A

H1 is involved in nasal congestion, sinusitis, rhinitis, and mucosal irritation, so you have antihistamines that block this receptor

34
Q

why do you get tired when you take an antihistamine

A

there are receptors in the brain and CNS

35
Q

how does a nasal decongestant work

A

is relieves congestion in the upper respiratory tracts. with the use of alpha-1-agonists, which cause bronchoconstriction (which dries up the passages)

36
Q

what is pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

A

a nasal decongestant

37
Q

what is a mucolytic

A

this decreases the viscosity and thickness of mucus, and causes early mobilization of mucus in the elevators.

38
Q

what is guanefisine (mucinex)

A

mucolytic

39
Q

guanefisinse and ___ is robitussun

A

antitussive

40
Q

what is an antitussive

A

this suppresses the cough reflex, and is not so great if you need to be able to cough to clear secretions

41
Q

what is special about the antitussives

A

it works on the brainstem, like opiates, and can be addicting.

42
Q

with antibiotics, what do bactericidal dugs do

A

they rupture the cell walls. this is a mix of penicillins and amoxicillin

43
Q

what do bacteriostatic drugs do

A

they stop the proliferation of the infection. so macrolides and azythromycin

44
Q

who should get vaccines

A

elderly, kids between 6month and 4 years, healthcare workers, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, things like that

45
Q

what drug has side effects that include hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, HTN, myopathy, mood swings

A

glucocorticoids

46
Q

what drugs have side effects that include tachy, HA, irritability, theophylline toxicity, and seizures and arrhythmia.

A

methylaxanthines

47
Q

what is the best medication for people with COPD, asthma and IPF

A

exercise

48
Q

at what pulse ox and SpO2 values would you give oxygen

A

pulse ox less than 88 and SpO2 less than 55mmHg

49
Q

what is the difference between low and high flow

A

low flow: its an approximation while high flow is on the money

50
Q

why can’t you give more than 60% O2

A

oxygen toxicity.

51
Q

what are some of the benefits of stopping smoking

A

your FEV1 normally declines, but it slows the rate of decline if you can quit

52
Q

what is bupropion (Zyban)

A

this decreases your craving for tobacco

53
Q

what is varenicline (chantix)

A

decreases withdrawal symptoms

54
Q

nicotine replacement therapy will only work for those who smoke < ____ PPD

A

0.75

Cardiopulm (22 decks)

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