Exam 2 WTF Pharma Flashcards
sympathetic NS causes bronchial…
dilation, through an increase in cAMP. smooth muscle relaxes, and the mast cells are inhibited
parasympathetic causes bronchial…
construction through an increase in cGMP. smooth muscle construction with mast cell facilitation
what is MDI or DPI
meters dose inhaler or dry powder inhaler that delivers medication directly to lung tissue. this is because there is no first pass ( as when you would take something orally)
what are the three limitations of using an MDI/DPI
you can’t predict the exact dose
it depends on inspiratory flow
can irritate tissues, cause fibrosis
what is the proper usage of an inhaler
take a deep breathe in and out. then slowly breath in, with inhaler, hold 10 seconds. then repeat in one minute
what is it called when you use a long aresol holding chamber that delays delivery of medication in a young kid on inhaled corticosteroids
spacer
this thing is used to mix medications with fine air, that makes a fine mist, and prolongs delivery for about 10 minutes
nebulizer
adrenergic agonists work on the…
SNS
cholinergic antagonists work on the…
PNS
what is an epi-pen
epinephrine that is a non-specific beta agonist, which will work on the heart and lungs, HR and BP will drop, but bronchodilation will happen to
what are SABA and LABA
these are specific beta agonists, or the adrenergic agonists that work on the SNS
what is the difference between a SABA and LABA
short acting, takes about 5-15 minutes and can last up to 6 hours, where as the LABA is a duration of about 12 hours. The SABA would be used for a flare up, or before a game. LABA is long term and maintenance
what is albuterol (ventolin)
a SABA
what is salmeterol (serevent)
LABA
what is a LAMA
a cholinergic antagonist, that works in the PNS
is a SABA, LABA, LAMA the drugs of choice in COPD
LAMA
can a LAMA be used for asthma,
not really
TF: there are less side execs with the LAMA then beta agonists? why?
true, because they are not well absorbed by the blood
what is ipratropium (atrovent)
LAMA
what is tiotropium (spiriva)
LAMA
what is combivent
ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (SABA and LAMA)
what is methylaxanthines
this is something that will inhibit phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) and increase cAMP so there will be increased bronchodilation as by the SNS.
what are some examples of methylaxanthines
theophylline, theobromine, and caffeine
glucocorticoids have 5 effects, what are they
- control inflammation mediated bronchospasm
- inhibit pro-inflammatory products
- decrease vascular permeability
- immunosuppression
- increases the effects of beta agonists.
what is budenoside (plumicort), beclemethasone (belcovent) and fluticasone (Flovent)
theses are inhaled long term glucocorticoids for asthma
what is prednisone
an oral glucocorticoid for acute infections, exacerbation
what is methylprednisone (medrol)
IV use for severe asthma attacks.
what is symbicort ( ___ + ____) and advair (___ + ____)
these are steroids and LABA
symbicort (budesonide and formoterol)
advair (fluticasone and salmeterol)
why would you use a leukotriene inhibitor
airway hyper responsiveness, inflammation, SM hypertrophy and mucus secretion
what is montelukast (Singulair)
this is a leukotriene inhibitor
what drug will enhance glucocorticoids
leukotriene inhibitors
what is pirfenidone (esbreit) and nintendanib (ofev)
pulmonary fibrosis medications that inhibits fibrosis and scarring of the lungs. there is no fibroblast proliferation
antihistamines block the H1 receptors…. so what does this mean
H1 is involved in nasal congestion, sinusitis, rhinitis, and mucosal irritation, so you have antihistamines that block this receptor
why do you get tired when you take an antihistamine
there are receptors in the brain and CNS
how does a nasal decongestant work
is relieves congestion in the upper respiratory tracts. with the use of alpha-1-agonists, which cause bronchoconstriction (which dries up the passages)
what is pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
a nasal decongestant
what is a mucolytic
this decreases the viscosity and thickness of mucus, and causes early mobilization of mucus in the elevators.
what is guanefisine (mucinex)
mucolytic
guanefisinse and ___ is robitussun
antitussive
what is an antitussive
this suppresses the cough reflex, and is not so great if you need to be able to cough to clear secretions
what is special about the antitussives
it works on the brainstem, like opiates, and can be addicting.
with antibiotics, what do bactericidal dugs do
they rupture the cell walls. this is a mix of penicillins and amoxicillin
what do bacteriostatic drugs do
they stop the proliferation of the infection. so macrolides and azythromycin
who should get vaccines
elderly, kids between 6month and 4 years, healthcare workers, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, things like that
what drug has side effects that include hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, HTN, myopathy, mood swings
glucocorticoids
what drugs have side effects that include tachy, HA, irritability, theophylline toxicity, and seizures and arrhythmia.
methylaxanthines
what is the best medication for people with COPD, asthma and IPF
exercise
at what pulse ox and SpO2 values would you give oxygen
pulse ox less than 88 and SpO2 less than 55mmHg
what is the difference between low and high flow
low flow: its an approximation while high flow is on the money
why can’t you give more than 60% O2
oxygen toxicity.
what are some of the benefits of stopping smoking
your FEV1 normally declines, but it slows the rate of decline if you can quit
what is bupropion (Zyban)
this decreases your craving for tobacco
what is varenicline (chantix)
decreases withdrawal symptoms
nicotine replacement therapy will only work for those who smoke < ____ PPD
0.75
