Exam 2 WTF I Do Not Know About COPD Flashcards
what effects the work of breathing?
the elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall
what is DLCO
the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide
what is the DLCO if someone has pulmonary pathology
less than 80% predicted.
what is the FEV1/FVC and FEV1 in a patient with COPD
FEV1/FVC is less than .7 and FEV1 is less than 80%
what is the most common risk factor for COPD
tobacco smoking
what do you have when you have cough and sputum production most days of at least 3 months of the year for 2 years.
chronic bronchitis
what do you have when you have a loss of alveolar walls
emphysema
what kind of pattern do you see in the upper lobe segments in emphysema
centriacinar and centrilobular
what is pannier emphysema
A1A deficiency
what is it when you have reversible bronchospasm
asthma
how do skeletal muscle fibers change in people with COPD
go from type I to type II
TF: with COPD you have increased Free fat mass
false, reduced
TF: in COPD you have an increased resting energy expenditure by 15-20% above the predicted
true, because you have increased workload
what happens to diaphragmatic fibers with COPD
go from type II to type I because they need to compensate for the increased load on the lungs.
barrel chest is a sign of
COPD
TF: in COPD, there is increased TLC
yes, because of air trapping
how does the Flow loop graph look in COPD
like there is a big drop off or a kink in the graph
how might a diaphragm of a COPD patient look on x-ray
flat
hypoxemia and hypercapnia are seen in
severe COPD
DLCO is generally ____ in patients with COPD
decreased
what is the GOLD classification for COPD
I: mild is over 80
II: moderate is 50-80
III: severe os 30-50%
IV: very severe is less than 30
BODE index for FEV1 predicted
over 65 is 0 points
50-64 is 1 point
36-49 is 2 points
under 35 is 3 points
what four things does the BODE index look at
the FEV1 predicted,
6MWT
BMI
MMRC dyspnea scale
what happens with emphysema
there is loss of alveolar walls, making these huge pockets. you have paper thin walls. there is then a reduced expiratory flow and poorly supported airways
what do you have when there is submucosal gland hypertrophy, and increased thickness due to exposure from smoking or irritants
you have chronic bronchitis
what is alpha - antitrypsin deficiency
lacks AAT protein int he blood. is is made in the liver, so it will screw up your liver as it builds up. pretty much, the AAT is supposed to protect the lungs from inflammatory things, and it fails to do this.
irreversible airway dilation is
bronchiectasis
difference between extrinsic and intrinsic bronchiectasis
intrinsic: airway tumor, or a stenotic airway
extrinsic: compressed by something like a tumor
what is a multi-system monogenetic disorder that affects the GI tract, lungs, sinuses, liver…
CF
a defect in the Na and Cl channels
CF
CF patients die mostly from
infection
a chloride test of over 60 is used at birth to diagnose what
CF
