Exam 2 WTF I Do Not Know About COPD

Question 1

what effects the work of breathing?

Answer 1

the elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall

Question 2

what is DLCO

Answer 2

the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide

Question 3

what is the DLCO if someone has pulmonary pathology

Answer 3

less than 80% predicted.

Question 4

what is the FEV1/FVC and FEV1 in a patient with COPD

Answer 4

FEV1/FVC is less than .7 and FEV1 is less than 80%

Question 5

what is the most common risk factor for COPD

Answer 5

tobacco smoking

Question 6

what do you have when you have cough and sputum production most days of at least 3 months of the year for 2 years.

Answer 6

chronic bronchitis

Question 7

what do you have when you have a loss of alveolar walls

Answer 7

emphysema

Question 8

what kind of pattern do you see in the upper lobe segments in emphysema

Answer 8

centriacinar and centrilobular

Question 9

what is pannier emphysema

Answer 9

A1A deficiency

Question 10

what is it when you have reversible bronchospasm

Answer 10

asthma

Question 11

how do skeletal muscle fibers change in people with COPD

Answer 11

go from type I to type II

Question 12

TF: with COPD you have increased Free fat mass

Answer 12

false, reduced

Question 13

TF: in COPD you have an increased resting energy expenditure by 15-20% above the predicted

Answer 13

true, because you have increased workload

Question 14

what happens to diaphragmatic fibers with COPD

Answer 14

go from type II to type I because they need to compensate for the increased load on the lungs.

Question 15

barrel chest is a sign of

Answer 15

COPD

Question 16

TF: in COPD, there is increased TLC

Answer 16

yes, because of air trapping

Question 17

how does the Flow loop graph look in COPD

Answer 17

like there is a big drop off or a kink in the graph

Question 18

how might a diaphragm of a COPD patient look on x-ray

Answer 18

flat

Question 19

hypoxemia and hypercapnia are seen in

Answer 19

severe COPD

Question 20

DLCO is generally ____ in patients with COPD

Answer 20

decreased

Question 21

what is the GOLD classification for COPD

Answer 21

I: mild is over 80
II: moderate is 50-80
III: severe os 30-50%
IV: very severe is less than 30

Question 22

BODE index for FEV1 predicted

Answer 22

over 65 is 0 points
50-64 is 1 point
36-49 is 2 points
under 35 is 3 points

Question 23

what four things does the BODE index look at

Answer 23

the FEV1 predicted,
6MWT
BMI
MMRC dyspnea scale

Question 24

what happens with emphysema

Answer 24

there is loss of alveolar walls, making these huge pockets. you have paper thin walls. there is then a reduced expiratory flow and poorly supported airways

Question 25

what do you have when there is submucosal gland hypertrophy, and increased thickness due to exposure from smoking or irritants

Answer 25

you have chronic bronchitis

Question 26

what is alpha - antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 26

lacks AAT protein int he blood. is is made in the liver, so it will screw up your liver as it builds up. pretty much, the AAT is supposed to protect the lungs from inflammatory things, and it fails to do this.

Question 27

irreversible airway dilation is

Answer 27

bronchiectasis

Question 28

difference between extrinsic and intrinsic bronchiectasis

Answer 28

intrinsic: airway tumor, or a stenotic airway extrinsic: compressed by something like a tumor

Question 29

what is a multi-system monogenetic disorder that affects the GI tract, lungs, sinuses, liver...

Answer 29

CF

Question 30

a defect in the Na and Cl channels

Answer 30

CF

Question 31

CF patients die mostly from

Answer 31

infection

Question 32

a chloride test of over 60 is used at birth to diagnose what

Answer 32

CF