week 6 peritoneum and peritoneal cavity Flashcards
What is the peritoneum?
A continuous serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and clothes/invests the viscera
How many layers are in the peritoneum have?
Consists of two layers that are conitnuous with each other, these are
Parietal
Visceral
How does the parietal peritoneum receive its blood and nerve supply?
Receives the same blood and nerve supply as the region of the wall it lies on.
How does the visceral peritoneum receive its blood and nerve supply?
receives the same blood and nerve supply as the organ it covers
What is the function of peritoneal fluid?
allows movement of viscera and prevents friction
How much of the intraperitoneal organs are covered in peritoneum
the whole organ aside from the hila
how much of the extraperitoneal or retroperitoneal organs are covered in peritoneum
usually one surface
how are peritoneal ligaments, omenta and mesetaries formed
where visceral peritoenum encloses or suspends organs
What is mesentary
A double layer peritoneum that results from the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ
it provides neurovascular communication to the organ and body wall
connects viscera to the posterior abdominal wall
have connective tissue containing blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, lymph nodes and fat
What is Omentum
Omentum is a fold of peritoneum that passes from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs or the abdominal wall
Where is the lesser omentum found?
lesser curvature of the stomach to proximal part of the duodenum of the liver
Where is the greater omentum found? and how many layers does it have?
4 layers, attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal duodenum to the transverse colon and its mesentary
What is the liver connected to?
Anterior abdominal wall Gastrohepatic ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament portal vein hepatic artery bile duct
What is the stomach connected to?
Inferior surface of the diaphragm (gastrohepatic ligament)
Spleen (gastrosplenic ligament)
Transverse colon (gastrocoliac ligament)
What are peritoneal folds?
reflections of peritoneum that are raised from the body wall by underlying blood vessels
What is the peritoneal recess (or fossa)
is a pouch of peritoneum that is formed by the peritoneal fold
What is the peritoneal cavity divided into?
Greater and lesser peritoneal sacs
Where does the greater extend to?
from the diaphragm to the pelvis
Where does the lesser sac extend to?
From the Diaphragm between the layers of the greater omentum
What is the omental foramen?
an epiploic foramen that allows the two sacs two sacs to communicate with one another through an oval window
What are the borders of the omental foramen?
Anterior: (bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein) Posterior: Inferior vena cava Superior: caudate lobe of the liver Inferior: 1st part of the duodenum
How is the greater sac divided into two compartments and what are their names?
by the transverse mesoncolon
Supracolic (stomach, liver and spleen)
Infracolic (small intestine, ascending and descending colon)
What are the functions of the peritoneum?
Suspend viscera Convey blood, lymph vessels and nerves to organs Store fat Ensures mobile viscera can glide infection control
What is an interesting function of the greater omentum?
Can wrap around the appendix to reduce inflammation and localise infection
