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Anatomy year 2 semester1 > Week 10 Male perineum and pelvic organs > Flashcards

Week 10 Male perineum and pelvic organs Flashcards

1
Q

What does the male perineum include?

A

Anal canal
Intermediate and spongy parts of the urethra
root of the penis
Scrotum

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2
Q

How many parts of the urethra are there and what are they?

A 
4,
Preprostatic urethra
Prostatic urethra
Intermediate urethra
Spongy urethra
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3
Q

How long is the intermediate urethra? Where does it begin and end?

A

1-2cm

Begins at the apex of the prostate, ends at the bulb of the penis

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4
Q

What is the intermediate urethra surrounded by?

A

the external urethral sphincter and the preineal membrane

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5
Q

How long is the spongy urethra? Where does it begin and end?

A

15-16 cm

Begins at the end of the intermediate urethra and ends at the external urethral orifice

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6
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

A cutaneous fibromuscular sac which is an outpouching of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

What does the scrotum contain?

A

Tetes
Epididymus
distal ends of the spermatic chord

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8
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

The formation of sperm, occurs at 1.2 degress lower than body temperature

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9
Q

What is the arterial supply to the scrotum?

A

anterior aspect:
external pudendal arteries
posterior aspect:
internal pudendal arteries

Also branches from the testicular and cremasteric arteries

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10
Q

What is the venous drainage of the scrotum?

A

Scrotal vein

External pudendal vein

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11
Q

What is the nerve supply to the scrotum?

A

Anterior:
Anterior scrotal nerves derived from ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves
Posterior:
Posterior scrotal nerves derived from superficial perineal nerves and the perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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12
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum?

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia and dartos muscle
External spermatic fascia
cremaster fascia
internal spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis
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13
Q

What is a testis? What does it do?

A

An ovoid organ that is suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord
Produce sperms / spermatozoa / male germ cells
Also produce hormones, principally testosterone

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14
Q

Where is sperm formed?

A

in convoluted seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

Which testis sits lower usually and why?

A

The left to prevent friction

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16
Q

What are the testes covered in?

A

A tough fiborous coat known as the tunica albuginea

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply to the testes?

A

Testicular arteries

artery to ductus deferens

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18
Q

What is the venous drainage of the testes?

A 
Testicular veins (left and right)
the venous network that these form
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19
Q

What innervates the testes?

A

Testicular plexus
Parasympathetic (vagal) fibres
Sympathetic fibres (T10-11)

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20
Q

What is a testicle?

A

The testes and its system of ducts

Epididymus and ductus deferens

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21
Q

What are the epididymies? What do they do?

A

A highly convoluted tube about 7 metres long which connects the testis to the vas deferens
Allow Sperm travel passively along the tube over a period of several days, during which time they mature and become capable of fertilization

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22
Q

What does the epididymus contain?

A

Head
Body
Tail

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23
Q

What is the ductus deferens?

A

The continuation of the duct of the epididymus

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24
Q

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

A

Conveys sperm from the epididymus to the ejaculatory duct.

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25
Q

What is the arterial supply to the ductus deferens?

A

The tiny deferential artery and arises from the inferior vesicle artery and terminates by anastomosing with the testicular artery

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26
Q

What innervates the vas deferens?

A

The inferior hypogastric plexus

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27
Q

What makes up the penis?

A

Root
Body
Glans Penis

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28
Q

What is the penis?

A

The common outlet for urine and semen

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29
Q

What is the root of the penis? What does it consiist of?

A

The region of the penis which is attached to the anterior pelvis
Consists of crura, bulb, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles

30
Q

What tissue are the crura and bulb?

A

Erectile tissue

31
Q

Where does the crura attach?

A

the corresponding ischial ramus

32
Q

What is the bulb of the penis penetrated superiorly by?

A

The Urethra

33
Q

What does crura mean?

A

Leg

34
Q

What is the outer surface of the crura covered by?

A

ischiocavernosis mucle

35
Q

What do the crura form?

A

They converge and lie side by side to form the corpra cavenosa

36
Q

What is the bulb of the penis covered by?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

37
Q

What does the bulb continue as?

A

The corpus spongiosum in the shaft of the penis

38
Q

What is the body of the penis?

A

The free part of the penis that contains skin, connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels as well as the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum

39
Q

What does the Body of the penis consist of? What are they enclosed in?

A

Three cylindrical bodies of erectile cavernous tissue
corpora cavernosa (2)
corpus spongiosum (1)
Are enclosed in a fiborous capsule called the tunica albuginea

40
Q

What does the corpus songiosum contain?

A

The spongy urethra

41
Q

What is the glans penis?

A

The distal region of the corpus spongiosum which expands to the glans of the penis.

42
Q

What is found at the tip of the glans penis?

A

External urethral orifice

43
Q

What covers the glans of the penis at the top?

A

A double layer of skin or fascia kown as the prepuce or the fore skin

44
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the penis?

A

Region of condensed deep fascia that arises from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis

45
Q

What is the fundiform ligament of the penis?

A

A band of elastic fibres that extend from the linea alba to the pubic symphysis

46
Q

What is the arterial supply to the penis?

A

Branches of the internal pudendal arteries

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the penis?

A

By a venous plexus that flows into the deep dorsal vein of the penis

48
Q

What is the nerve supply to the penis?

A

S2-4 pudendal nerve and a terminal branch of the penis
pelvic plexuses
branch of the ilioinguinal nerve

49
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

They are 2 lobulated vesicles that lie between the bladder and the rectum

50
Q

What do the seminal vesicles do?

A

They secrete a thick fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into the ejaculatory duct

51
Q

What is the superior part of the seminal duct covered in?

A

Peritoneum

52
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct?

A

The union of the seminal vesicle and the ductus deferens

53
Q

What is the arterial supply to the seminal vesicle?

A

Inferior vesicle

Middle rectal arteries

54
Q

What is the innervation of the seminal vesicles?

A

Sympathetic:
Superior lumbar and hypogastric nerves

Parasympathetic:
Pelvic splanchnic nerves

55
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Is a slender tube that arises by the union of the seminal duct and the ductus deferens
Approx. 2.5 cm long
Arise near the neck of the bladder
Open into the prostatic urethra

56
Q

What is the arterial supply to the ejaculatory duct?

A

differential arteries (usually branches off the inferior vesicle artery)

57
Q

What is the innervation of the ejaculatory duct?

A

The inferior hypogastric plexus

58
Q

What is the prostate?

A

The largest accessory gland in the reproductive system
Is 2/3 glandualr
1/3 fibromuscular

59
Q

What is surrounded by the prostate?

A

The prostatic urethra

60
Q

What surrounds the prostate?

A

A dense, fiborous prostatic capsule

61
Q

What does the prostate consist of?

A 
Base
Apex
Muscular anterior surface
Posterior surface
Inferolateral surfaces
62
Q

What are the lobes of the prostate?

A

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Lateral lobe
Middle (or median) lobe

63
Q

What are the prostatic ducts?

A

Extensive band of smooth muscle which contract to expel contents and provide propulsive force required to ejaculate semen

64
Q

What is the arterial supply to the prostate?

A

Prostatic arteries

65
Q

What is the venous supply to the prosatate?

A

Prostatic venous plexus

66
Q

What is the nerve supply to the prostate?

A

Parasympathetic:
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Sympathetic
Inferior hypogastric plexus

67
Q

What are the bulbourethral glands?

A

2 pea sized glands
Lie posterior and laterally to the membranous part of the urethra, beneath the external urethral sphincter

secrete mucous to neturalise the pH of urine residue and lubricates the tip of the penis in preparation for reproduction

68
Q

What is semen and what does it consist of?

A 
Is a mixture of secretions produced by the testes, seminal vesicles and prostate glands which aids with the travel of sperm to the ovaries.
Contains:
Fructose
Prostaglandins
Relaxin
69
Q

What is ejaculation?

A

The propulsion of semen from the male duct system

70
Q

How does ejaculation occur?

A

The reproductive ducts and access glands contract, at the same time, The bladder sphincter muscles contract, this prevents the expulsion of urine and reflux of semen into the bladder

Anatomy year 2 semester1 (12 decks)

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