week 4 Flashcards
What is the nervous system divided into?
Structural (CNS, PNS) and functional (somatic, autonomic) groups
What are the two main cells in nervous tissue?
Neurons and neuroglia (support cells)
What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
The neuron
what are the two types of neurons and where to they send signals?
Afferent (towards the CNS)
Efferent (from the CNS)
What are the four types of neuroglial cells?
Astrocytes (physical support)
Oligodendrocytes (myelin in CNS)
Microglia (phagocytic defence)
Ependymal (Cerebrospinal fluid)
where are neuroglial cells found?
In the peripheral ganglia
What produces myelin?
oligodendrocytes (CNS) Schwann cells (PNS)
What is multiple sclerosis?
progressive disease where there is demylination of nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord
Where do neurons transfer messages?
at the synapse through the use of neurotransmitter chemicals (these excite or inhibit the neuron)
What does the central nervous system consist of?
The brain and the spinal cord
What are the roles of the central nervous system
intergrate and co-ordinate ingoing and outgoing neural signals
carry out higher mental functions, thinking and learning
What is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system called?
A nucleus
What is a collection of axons (nerve fibres) called in the central nervous system?
Tracts
What is grey matter?
Nerve cell bodies
What is white matter?
Interconnecting fibre tract systems
What are the three layers of connective tissue in the meninges?
Pia mata
arachnoid mata
Dura mata
What is a bundle of nerve cell bodies called in the peripheral nervous system?
Ganglion
What is a bundle of nerve fibres (axons) called in the peripheral nervous system?
Peripheral nerve
What are the two types of peripheral nerves that make up the PNS?
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Are sensory nerves afferent of efferent?
Afferent (as they convey signals to the brain)
Are motor nerves afferent or efferent?
Efferent (as they send signals from the brain)
What forms a peripheral nerve?
Axon
neurolemmal sheath (can be myelinated or unmylinated)
connective tissue sheath
What forms the connective tissue sheath of peripheral nerves
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
What does the anterior ventral horn innervate?
motor fibres
What does the posterior dorsal horn innervate?
Sensory fibres
what do the ventral rami supply?
anterior and lateral trunk
what do the dorsal rami supply?
synovial joints of vertebral column
deep muscles of the back and overlying skin
