Week 6 New Flashcards
What are the initial steps for bleeding control?
Ensure the patient has an open airway and is breathing adequately. Apply direct pressure with a gloved hand over a sterile dressing.
What should be done if direct pressure is not enough for bleeding control?
Use a pressure dressing or consider a tourniquet. Wound packing with hemostatic dressings can also be effective.
What is cardiogenic shock?
Cardiogenic shock is caused by inadequate function of the heart, leading to a backup of blood into the pulmonary vessels and pulmonary edema.
What should patients in cardiogenic shock not receive?
Patients in cardiogenic shock should not receive nitroglycerin, as they are hypotensive.
What is compensated shock?
Compensated shock occurs when the body maintains blood pressure and organ perfusion despite low blood volume by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels.
What are the symptoms of compensated shock?
Symptoms include agitation, anxiety, tachycardia, and changes in skin pallor.
What is distributive shock?
Distributive shock, or vasodilatory shock, is a medical emergency where the body can’t get enough blood to vital organs due to extreme dilation of blood vessels.
What are common causes of distributive shock?
Common causes include sepsis and anaphylaxis.
What is hypovolemic shock?
Hypovolemic shock occurs when severe blood or fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.
What can cause hypovolemic shock?
Causes include bleeding from injuries, internal bleeding, or excessive fluid loss from vomiting or diarrhea.
What is neurogenic shock?
Neurogenic shock results from a spinal cord injury that disrupts sympathetic control over vascular tone, leading to organ tissue hypoperfusion.
What are the characteristics of neurogenic shock?
It is characterized by hypotension and bradycardia, with warm and pink skin.
What is the general concept of shock?
Shock is a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system that leads to inadequate circulation.
What is anaphylactic shock?
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that can rapidly result in shock and death.
What are common signs of anaphylactic shock?
Common signs include urticaria, angioedema, and wheezing.
What is hypoperfusion?
Hypoperfusion, or shock, is inadequate circulation that does not meet the body’s needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.
What are early indications of internal bleeding?
Early indications can include pain, swelling, distension, bruising, changes in mental status, weakness, and dizziness.
What is the best method to control external bleeding?
The most effective method is direct pressure applied over a sterile dressing.
What is perfusion?
Perfusion is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.
What are splinting methods?
Splinting methods involve using a device to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity.
How should a limb be splinted?
Splint the limb in the position found, unless resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain.
What are different types of splints?
Types include vacuum splints, pillow splints, sling and swathe, and pelvic binders.
What are the classifications of burns?
Burns are classified as first-degree (superficial), second-degree (partial thickness), third-degree (full thickness), and fourth-degree burns.
What is a contusion?
A contusion is an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin but does not break the skin.
What is an abrasion?
An abrasion is an injury involving the scraping away of the superficial layers of the skin.
What is a crush injury?
A crush injury occurs when excessive force or pressure is put on a body part, causing muscle swelling and neurological disturbances.
What is compartment syndrome?
Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed compartment impairs local circulation.
How are burns classified by degree?
First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, and third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis.
What is abdominal evisceration?
Abdominal evisceration occurs when organs protrude out of a penetrating wound.
What should be done in case of abdominal evisceration?
Do not attempt to replace the organs; cover them with moist, sterile towels and an occlusive dressing.
What are the functions of bandages and dressings?
They control bleeding, protect wounds from contamination, and immobilize injured areas.
What are the functions of the skin?
Functions include protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, shock absorption, and sensation.
What are treatments for various burns?
Treatments vary depending on severity. For severe burns, ensure a patent airway, provide high-flow oxygen, and treat for shock.
