Week 4 Flashcards
What is a surfactant?
A substance that reduces surface tension in the lungs.
What facilitates the gas exchange in the lungs?
Surfactant.
What are ataxic respirations?
Irregular, unpredictable breathing patterns.
What are Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
A pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase in depth and then a decrease, followed by a period of apnea.
What are agonal respirations?
Gasping breaths that occur when a person is near death.
What is oxygen toxicity?
A condition resulting from excessive oxygen levels in the body.
What is the anatomy of the lower airway?
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles.
Apex of lung
Carina
base of lung
diaphram
What is the anatomy of the upper airway?
Nasopharynx
Nasal airway passage
Pharynx
Oropharynx
Mouth
Eppiglottis
Larynx
What is the phrenic nerve?
A nerve that innervates the diaphragm, crucial for breathing.
What is hypoxic drive?
A mechanism that stimulates breathing in response to low oxygen levels.
What is hypoxia?
A deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.
What is hypoxemia?
A deficiency of oxygen in the blood.
What is acidosis?
A condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body fluids.
What is hypercarbia?
An excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?
The tongue falling back into the throat.
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxia?
Symptoms may include confusion, restlessness, and cyanosis.
What are oxygen adjuncts, flow rates, and percentage of oxygen delivered?
Devices and methods used to provide supplemental oxygen.
What is pleural effusion?
The accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
What is albuterol?
A medication used to treat bronchospasm.
What is alkalosis?
A condition characterized by an excess of base in the body fluids.
What is wheezing?
A high-pitched sound made while breathing, often indicating airway obstruction.
What are rales?
Abnormal lung sounds, often described as crackling or rattling.
What are rhonchi?
Low-pitched, snore-like sounds indicating airway obstruction.
What are crackles?
Short, explosive sounds heard during inhalation.
What is stridor?
A high-pitched, wheezing sound caused by disrupted airflow.
What is acute hyperventilation syndrome?
A condition characterized by rapid breathing leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels.
What is dyspnea?
Difficult or labored breathing.
What is respiration?
The process of inhaling and exhaling air.
What is oxygenation?
The process of adding oxygen to the body.
What is ventilation?
The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
What are adventitious breath sounds?
Abnormal sounds heard during respiration.
What is the anatomy of the mediastinum?
The central compartment of the thoracic cavity.
What is COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group of lung diseases that block airflow.
What is emphysema?
A type of COPD characterized by damage to the alveoli.
What is chronic bronchitis?
A type of COPD characterized by chronic cough and mucus production.
